Lecture on Quantitative Genetics and Evolution of Phenotypes

Vocabulary flashcards based on the lecture about quantitative genetics and the evolution of phenotypes, covering key concepts, definitions, and principles.

Directional selection

Favors individuals on one end of the distribution of phenotypes in a population.

Stabilizing selection

Favors individuals in the middle of the distribution of phenotypes.

Disruptive selection

Favors individuals at the tails of the distribution of phenotypes present in a population.

Selection differential (S)

The difference in the mean of a trait in reproducing individuals and the mean of the trait for the general population.

Heritability (h2)

The proportion of phenotypic variance due to genetic differences among individuals.

Breeder's equation

R = h2 x S, used to describe evolution in polygenic traits.

Evolutionary response (R)

Calculated as the difference in trait means between successive generations in response to selection.

Mean trait value

The average value of a trait in a population, which can shift due to selection processes.

Polygenic traits

Traits influenced by multiple genes, which can show continuous variation.