All reactions for Chemistry

Alkene to halogenoalkane

Reagent: HX | Conditions: Mix the gases at room temperature | Equation: CH₂=CH₂ + HX → CH₃CH₂X

Halogenoalkane to alcohol

Reagent: NaOH (aq) | Conditions: Heat under reflux | Equation: RX + NaOH → ROH + NaX

Halogenoalkane to nitrile

Reagent: KCN (alcoholic) | Conditions: Heat under reflux | Equation: RX + KCN → RCN + KX

Halogenoalkane to amine

Reagent: NH₃ (aq) | Conditions: Heat under pressure | Equation: RX + 2NH₃ → RNH₂ + NH₄X

Alcohol to chloroalkane

Reagent: PCl₅ | Conditions: Room temperature | Equation: ROH + PCl₅ → RCl + HCl + POCl₃

Alcohol to bromoalkane

Reagent: H₂SO₄ (50% conc.) + KBr | Conditions: Warm | Equation: ROH + HBr → RBr + H₂O

Alcohol to iodoalkane

Reagent: P (red) + I₂ | Conditions: Heat under reflux | Equation: 3ROH + PI₃ → 3RI + H₃PO₃

Primary alcohol to aldehyde

Reagent: K₂Cr₂O₇ / H₂SO₄ (dil.) | Conditions: Add reagent to hot alcohol, distil off aldehyde as formed | Equation: RCH₂OH + [O] → RCHO + H₂O

Primary alcohol to carboxylic acid

Reagent: K₂Cr₂O₇ / H₂SO₄ (dil.) | Conditions: Heat under reflux | Equation: RCH₂OH + 2[O] → RCOOH + H₂O

Secondary alcohol to ketone

Reagent: K₂Cr₂O₇ / H₂SO₄ (dil.) | Conditions: Heat under reflux | Equation: RCH(OH)R' + [O] → RCOR' + H₂O

Aldehyde to primary alcohol

Reagent: LiAlH₄ (in dry ether) | Conditions: Room temperature | Equation: RCHO + 2[H] → RCH₂OH

Ketone to secondary alcohol

Reagent: LiAlH₄ (in dry ether) | Conditions: Room temperature | Equation: RCOR' + 2[H] → RCH(OH)R'

Aldehyde and ketone to 2-hydroxynitrile

Reagent: KCN / H₂SO₄ (dil.) | Conditions: 10–20°C | Equation: RCHO + HCN → RCH(OH)CN / RCOR' + HCN → RR'C(OH)CN

Carboxylic acid to primary alcohol

Reagent: LiAlH₄ (in dry ether) | Conditions: Room temperature | Equation: RCOOH + 4[H] → RCH₂OH + H₂O

Carboxylic acid to ester

Reagent: R'OH + H₂SO₄ (conc.) | Conditions: Heat | Equation: RCOOH + R'OH → RCOOR' + H₂O

Acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

Reagent: H₂O | Conditions: Room temperature | Equation: RCOCl + H₂O → RCOOH + HCl

Acyl chloride to ester

Reagent: R'OH | Conditions: Room temperature | Equation: RCOCl + R'OH → RCOOR' + HCl

Acyl chloride to primary amide

Reagent: NH₃ (aq) | Conditions: Room temperature | Equation: RCOCl + 2NH₃ → RCONH₂ + NH₄Cl

Acyl chloride to secondary amide (N-substituted amide)

Reagent: R'NH₂ | Conditions: Room temperature | Equation: RCOCl + R'NH₂ → RCONHR' + HCl

Nitrile to primary amine

Reagent: LiAlH₄ (in dry ether) | Conditions: Room temperature | Equation: RCN + 4[H] → RCH₂NH₂

Nitration of benzene

Reagent: HNO₃ (conc.) + H₂SO₄ (conc.) | Conditions: Heat under reflux 50–60°C | Equation: C₆H₆ + HNO₃ → C₆H₅NO₂ + H₂O

Sulfonation of benzene

Reagent: H₂SO₄ (fuming) | Conditions: 40°C | Equation: C₆H₆ + H₂SO₄ → C₆H₅SO₃H + H₂O

Bromination of benzene

Reagent: Br₂ (l) + Fe → FeBr₃ | Conditions: Dry, room temperature | Equation: C₆H₆ + Br₂ → C₆H₅Br + HBr

Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene

Reagent: RX + AlX₃ (anhydrous) | Conditions: Dry, in the presence of anhydrous AlX₃ | Equation: C₆H₆ + RX → C₆H₅R + HX

Friedel-Crafts acylation of benzene

Reagent: RCOCl + AlCl₃ (anhydrous) | Conditions: Dry, in the presence of anhydrous AlCl₃ | Equation: C₆H₆ + RCOCl → C₆H₅COR + HCl