Growth and Development Lecture Notes

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts in growth and development across the lifespan.

Growth

Physical changes that occur over time.

Development

The process of adapting to one’s body and environment over time through skill progression and increasing complexity of function.

Nature vs. Nurture

The debate regarding the relative contributions of genetics (nature) and environment (nurture) to human traits and behavior.

Cephalocaudal principle

Development progresses from 'head to toe'.

Proximodorsal principle

Development progresses from the center of the body outward.

Trust vs. Mistrust

Erik Erikson's first stage of psychosocial development, occurring from birth to 1 year.

Cognitive development stages

The progression of cognitive abilities as proposed by Jean Piaget.

Sensorimotor stage

Piaget's first stage (0-2 years) where infants learn through senses and actions.

Preoperational stage

Piaget's second stage (2-7 years) characterized by language use and egocentric thinking.

Concrete operational stage

Piaget's third stage (7-11 years) where children begin to think logically about concrete events.

Formal operational stage

Piaget's fourth stage (12+ years) where abstract reasoning and hypothetical thinking develop.

Developmental milestones

Key skills that most individuals achieve at certain age ranges.

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Erikson's second stage of psychosocial development, occurring from ages 1-3.

Industry vs. Inferiority

Erikson's fourth stage of psychosocial development, occurring from ages 6-12.

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development, occurring from ages 12-20.

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Erikson's sixth stage of psychosocial development, occurring from ages 20-40.

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Erikson's seventh stage of psychosocial development, occurring from ages 40-65.

Ego Integrity vs. Despair

Erikson's eighth stage of psychosocial development, occurring in older adulthood.

Health promotion for infants

Nursing focus areas including immunizations, nutrition education, and developmental screenings.

Common health problems in toddlers

Unintentional injuries, infections, and difficulties with potty training.

Chronic diseases in older adults

Heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and other conditions prevalent in aging populations.

Cognitive overview in older adults

Declines in reaction time and short-term memory as aging occurs.

Activity theory

The idea that staying active promotes a high level of life satisfaction in older adults.