Unit 5: Electromagnetism

Electromagnetic field

A physical field that arises from the presence of electrically charged particles and affects the behavior of those particles.

Electric field

A region of space around an electrically charged particle or group of particles, in which other electrically charged particles experience a force.

Magnetic field

A region of space around a magnet or moving electric charge, in which other magnets or moving electric charges experience a force.

Electromagnetic waves

A type of wave that consists of oscillating electric and magnetic fields, which propagate through space at the speed of light.

Coulomb’s Law

A fundamental law of electrostatics that describes the interaction between electric charges.

Gauss’s Law

A fundamental law of electromagnetism that relates the electric flux through a closed surface to the charge enclosed within that surface.

Faraday’s Law

A fundamental law of electromagnetism that describes how a changing magnetic field induces an electric field.

Ampere’s Law

A fundamental law of electromagnetism that relates the magnetic field around a closed loop to the electric current flowing through that loop.

Maxwell’s Equations

A set of four partial differential equations that describe the behavior of electromagnetic fields and their interactions with charged particles.

**Magnetic flux**

It is the measure of the strength of a magnetic field passing through a given area. It is denoted by the symbol Φ and is measured in Weber (Wb) or Tesla meter squared (Tm²).

Φ = B \* A \* cos(θ)

Magnetic flux Formula

EMF = -dΦ/dt

Electromagnetic Induction Formula

ε = -dΦ/dt

Lenz's law Formula

L = NΦ/I

inductance of a circuit formula

inductor

A passive electronic component that stores energy in a magnetic field when an electric current flows through it.

LR circuit

A circuit that consists of a resistor (R) and an inductor (L) connected in series. When a voltage is applied to the circuit, the current that flows through the circuit changes over time due to the inductor's behavior.

LC circuit

a type of resonant circuit consisting of an inductor (L) and a capacitor (C) connected together.

f = 1 / (2π√LC)

**resonant frequency** of an LC circuit formula

Gauss's Law for Electric Fields

This equation states that the electric flux through any closed surface is proportional to the charge enclosed within the surface.

Gauss's Law for Magnetic Fields

This equation states that the magnetic flux through any closed surface is zero.

Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction

This equation states that a changing magnetic field induces an electric field

Ampere's Law with Maxwell's Correction

This equation relates the magnetic field to the current density and the rate of change of the electric field.