electricity

Static Electricity

A buildup of electric charge on an object.

Electricity

A form of energy caused by the movement of charged particles.

Electric Charge

A property of particles that causes them to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.

Static Charge

A buildup of an unequal number of protons and electrons on the surface of an object.

Friction

The force that occurs when two materials rub against each other, causing electrons to be transferred.

Electrostatic Series

A list that ranks materials based on their ability to gain or lose electrons.

Conductor

A material that allows electrons to flow easily (e.g., metals).

Insulator

A material that resists the flow of electrons (e.g., rubber, plastic).

Charging by Friction

The process of charging an object by rubbing it against another material.

Ohm's Law

A formula (V = I × R) that relates voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R).

Current Electricity

The flow of electrons through a conductor, requiring a closed circuit.

Series Circuit

A circuit with only one path for current flow; if one part breaks, the whole circuit stops.

Parallel Circuit

A circuit with multiple paths for current flow; other parts continue to work if one path breaks.

Voltage

The measure of electrical potential difference, expressed in volts.

Current

The flow rate of electric charge, measured in amperes.

Resistance

The opposition to the flow of electric current, measured in ohms.

Laws of Electric Charges

Like charges repel each other, opposite charges attract, and charged objects can attract neutral objects.

Discharge

The release of static electricity, as seen in lightning or a shock from a doorknob.

Electrical Safety

Precautions to prevent electrical mishaps, such as not overloading circuits and avoiding water.

Power

The rate at which electrical energy is transferred, calculated as Power (P) = Voltage (V) × Current (I).