Unit 5 Europe Test study guide

The Renassiance

14th century Florence, Italy, Europe’s “rebirth” of philosophy, education, art, and individualism.

Protestant Reformation

figures started questioning the Catholic church on corruption, and paying money for the forgiveness of sins. Martin Luther creates his own religion:The Lutheran church.

Age of Exploration

15-17th century when European powers started colonizing new land, such as the Americas and parts of Asia. This led to the 13 colonies.

The Enlightenment

When people began looking at science and the law of education instead of blindly following religion. The idea that men are inherently good and should follow their instincts and knowledge came about.

The Industrial Revolution

A shift from agriculture to manufacturing. This improved the standard of living, but also brought harsh working conditions, child labor, and pollution. Rapid growth of cities led to overcrowded housing, unsanitary living conditions, and widespread diseases. However, the economy surged, and capitalism rose to power.

The French Revolution

inspired by the American Revolution, downfall of the absolute monarchy, King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were executed.

The reign of terror

led by Maximilian Robespierce, executed thousands of people

Napolean Bonaparte

overthrow gov., first consul—> emperor of France, spread nationalism, the napolean code, and was defeated in the battle of Waterloo

WW1

1914, started because of the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, U.S was neutral until the Zimmerman telegram, war ended in 1919 with the Treaty of Versailles

WW2

1934, Hitler invaded Poland, and Britain and France declared war on Germany. The holocaust had Jews murdered in concentration camps. This war ended with Hitler’s suicide in 1945. U.S dropped bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

The Cold War

U.S vs. Soviet Union, capitalism vs. communism. Proxy battles include the Korean war and Vietnam war. Included the cuban missile crisis, the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the colonies gained independence.

Europe is a leader in what kind of resources? (specifically northern europe)

renewable

Fjords

deep, narrow inlets of the sea with steep cliffs or slopes on either side, created when glaciers carve out valleys and are later filled with seawater.

Strait of Gilbatar

very narrow waterway connecting two major seas between Southern Europe and Northwestern Africa.

Northern European Plain

vast, mostly flat region that stretches across several countries in Europe. It has rich, fertile soil.

The Italian Peninsula and Apennine Mountains

A moutain range running down the length of a long, narrow peninsula in Southern Europe.

Balkan Peninsula

A southeastern European landmass that has rugged mountains and a complex coastline.

British Isles

A group of islands located off the northwest coast of continental Europe.

English Chanel

a narrow body of water seperating a European island from the continent.

Italian Peninsula

A boot-shaped landmass extending into the Mediterranean Sea.

Pyrenees Mountains

a rugged mountain range forming a natural barrier between two southeastern European countries, stretching from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean.

Rivers of Europe

Major waterways that flow through multiple countries providing transportation and trade

The Alps

Europe’s tallest and most famous mountain range, stretching across multiple countries.

Aegean and Adriatic Seas

Two important seas in the eastern Mediterranean, located between peninsulas and islands.

Scandinavia

A large landmass in Northern Europe known for rugged mountains, dense forests, long coastlines, and a cold climate.

Iberian Peninsula (VERY IMPORTANT FOR TEST!)

southwestern European landmass bordered by the Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea, featuring mountains, river valleys, and long coastlines.

Geothermals

Natural pools of heated water that rise from beneath Earth’s surface due to geothermal activity.

Dikes

built to hold back seawater

Polders

areas of land reclaimed from the sea and drained for farming or settlement.

The Black Triangle

a heavily industrialized and polluted region in Central Europe that includes parts of Eastern Germany, Poland, and the Czech Republic.

Northern Europe has what kind of political system?

constitutional monarchies

Describe Northern Europe’s economy

diverse, modern, with advanced technology. they are leaders in renewable energy

What % of fish/fish product exports come from Northern Europe?

70%

The Nordic Model

frequent taxes with free healthcare, free education, maternity/ paternity leave etc.

What is Northern Europe’s population density and distribution?

Very light population density with most people located along the coast

What is religion like in Northern Europe?

mainly christian, but lots of people are irreligious

Describe Northern Europe’s social qualities

high education and good healthcare, gender equality, work-life balance, very family oriented