medical terminology packet 3

the skeletal system

kyph/o

hump

chondr/o

cartilage

ankyl/o

crooked, bent, or stiff

arthr/o

joint

\-um

noun ending

crani/o

cranium, skull

cost/o

rib

\-lysis

setting free, loosening

myel/o

spinal cord, bone marrow

\-desis

surgical fixation of a bone or joint

spondyl/o

vertebra, vertebrae

scoli/o

curved

lord/o

bent backward

synovi/o, synov/o

synovial membrane

oste/o

bone

diaphysis

shaft of a long bone

tarsal

short bones that make up each ankle

manubrium

upper portion of the sternum

synovial joint

movable joint

pubis bone

bone located just below the urinary bladder

foramen

opening in a bone through which the blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass

ligament

connects one bone to another bone

acetabulum

hip socket

phalanges

bones of the fingers and toes

process

normal projection on the surface of a bone that serves as an attachment for muscles and tendons

sternum

breastbone

zygomatic

cheekbones

clavicle

collarbone

patella

kneecap

olecranon process

point of the elbow

arthrolysis

surgical procedure for loosening of an ankylosed joint

fibrous dysplasia

bone disorder of unknown cause that destroys normal bone structure and replaces it with fibrous (scar-like) tissue

allogenic

bone marrow transplant that uses bone marrow from a donor

vertebroplasty

performed to treat osteoporosis related compression fractures

osteoarthritis

medical term for the form of arthritis that is commonly known as wear-and-tear arthritis

lumbago

medical term for the condition commonly known as low back pain

osteoclasis

surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity

ankylosing spondylitis

form on rheumatoid arthritis characterized by progressive stiffening of the spine

osteorraphy

surgical suturing, or wiring together, of a bone

crepitation

sound that is heard when the ends of a broken bone move together

BMT

bone marrow transplant

CR

closed reduction

Fx

fracture

RA

rheumatoid arthritis

TMJ

temporomandibular joint

osteonecrosis

death of bone tissue

lordosis

abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lower or lumbar spine

spina bifida

congenital defect

myeloma

malignant tumor composed of cells derived from blood-forming tissues of the bone marrow

callus

bulging deposit that forms around the area of a break during the healing of a fractured bone

cranioectomy

performed to treat a patient with craniostenosis or to relieve increased intracranial pressure

subluxation

partial displacement of a bone from its joint

arthrodesis

procedure that stiffens a joint or joints several vertebrae. also known as surgical ankylosis or fusion

arthroplasty

surgical procedure to replace a joint with an artificial joint

hallux valgus

medical term for the condition commonly known as a bunion

bursectomy

surgical removal of a bursa

osteochrondroma

benign bony projection covered with cartilage

osteomalacia

abnormal softening of the bones

periostitis

inflammation of the periosteum

spondylolisthesis

forward movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebra on the vertebra below it

osteopenia

thinner than average bone density

costochrondritis

inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum

arthroscopic surgery

minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of the interior of a joint

greenstick fracture

bone partially bends and cracks and is not completely broken

osteomyelitis

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow

secondary bone cancer

cancer that starts in another part of the body and then spreads to the bones

kyphosis

abnormal curvature of the spine, dowager’s hump

autologous bone marrow transplant

harvesting one’s own bone marrow to receive later

comminuted fracture

ends of the bones are crushed together

chondroplasty

surgical repair of damaged cartilage in a joint

dual x-ray absorptiometry

evaluation test for bone density

traction

procedure that exerts a pulling force on the distal end of the affected limb

talipes

congenital deformity of the foot involving the talus (ankle bones)

osteosclerosis

abnormal hardening of the bone

costectomy

surgical removal of a rib

chondropathy

disease of cartilage

arthrotomy

surgical incision of a joint

chrondritis

inflammation of cartilage

arthrectomy

surgical removal of a joint

arthritis

inflammation of more than one joint

costotomy

surgical incision or division of a rib or ribs

craniomalacia

abnormal softening of the skull