Chapter 6 Reading Quiz

Galileo believed that all aspects of nature could be described in terms of...

mathematical relationships.

The scientific fact that the orbits of the plants are elliptical was discovered by...

Johannes Kepler.

During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the discoveries that most captured the public imagination were made in...

astronomy.

Who published "On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres" and rejected the notion of an earth-centered universe?

Nicolaus Copernicus

Who addressed the issue of planetary motion and established a basis for physics that endured for more than two centuries?

Isaac Newton

Who is known as the father of empiricism?

Francis Bacon

Although he invented analytic geometry, whose most important contribution was to develop a scientific method that relied more on deduction?

Rene Descartes

Descartes divided existing things into two categories: body and...

mind.

Hobbes saw human beings as...

self-centered, power-hungry creatures.

Maria Winkelmann made her contributions in the field of...

astronomy.

How many people were sentenced to death for witchcraft or harmful magic between 1400 and 1700?

70,000 to 100,000

What percentage of people accused of witchcraft in the early modern period were women?

80%

In the sixteenth century, midwifery was a trade often pursued by...

elderly or widowed women.

Baroque are first emerged in...

papal Rome.

Galileo named the moons of Jupiter after the Medicis because....

he wanted to flatter his patrons.

Nicolaus Copernicus' breakthrough was to show how the...

earth moved around the sun.

The experiences of the English Civil War led Thomas Hobbes to summarize his views about strong central government in his book....

"Leviathan."

Baroque art became associated with...

Roman Catholicism.

Jonathan Swift's satire of the new sciences was...

"Gulliver's travels."

Brahe's assistant was...

Johannes Kepler.

The scientist most known for his work on the laws of gravitation was...

Isaac Newton.

The most famous institution dedicated to the new sciences was the...

Royal Society of London.

The woman who brought Rene Descartes to advise on the new science academy was...

Queen Christina of Sweden.

The author of "Pensees," published posthumously, was...

Blaise Pascal.

The clergy___________the search for witches.

endorsed

Baroque art aligned with the ideas of the scientific revolution because it...

paralleled the interest in human anatomy and the natural world.

In the early sixteenth century, the standard explanation of earth's place in the heavens combined the works of...

Ptolemy and Aristotle

What is Tycho Brahe's major contribution to science?

He created a vast body of astronomical data from which his successors could work

Newton was a strong supporter of...

empiricism.

Many proponents of mechanism believed....

the world could be explained in mechanical metaphors.

Francis Bacon believed that...

knowledge of nature should be used to improve the human condition.

According to Hobbes, human beings escape the terrible state of nature by...

taking part in a tacit contract.

In Locke's view, the relationship between rulers and the governed had its foundation in....

trust.

According to Pascal's famous wager...

it is best to believe God exists and stake everything to gain the lot; if God should prove not to exist, comparatively little will have been lost.

Based upon your knowledge of the text, what is the most plausible cause of the witch hunts?

Religious divisions and warfare threatened the security of society, and the witches were the scapegoats of a social panic

The witch hunts ended because, among other things,.....

they threatened the social order.

Charles I's employment of Rubens illustrated to the people of England that...

Charles I had Roman Catholic sympathies.

The most elaborate baroque monument to political absolutism was...

Louis XIV's palace at Versailles.

Who first argued convincingly for the heliocentric model of the universe?

Nicolaus Copernicus

As Brahe's assistant, Kepler...

stayed closely aligned to the theories of Brahe long after Brahe's death.

Prior to 1600, the scientific world viewed Copernicus' understanding of the universe with...

caution and interest.

How did the telescope change the understanding of the universe for scientists?

It increased the range of physical observations

In his "Discourse of Method," Descartes attacked...

received truths.

The idea that humans were, by nature, creatures of reason and basic goodwill is an idea embraced by...

Locke, in opposition to the ideas of Thomas Hobbes.

How did scientists and universities interact during the scientific revolution?

Universities were often criticized by scientists

The learned societies that emerged in the 1600s are best described as...

forums for intellectual exchange.

The Enlightenment was the movement that...

held that change and reform were both desirable through the application of reason and science.

The Berlin Academy of Science denied Maria Winkelmann's application to continue her husband's study because...

she was a woman.

The book on astronomy by Maria Cunitz was...

recognized as her own work only after her husband added a preface.

According to Francis Bacon, the Bible and nature...

must be compatible because they shared the same author.

The scope of witchcraft persecutions shows that...

belief in witchcraft was common.

What is true of the scientific revolution?

It unfolded over two centuries.

The greatest example of empiricism is known by the work of...

Thomas Hobbes.

Opposing___________, it was natural that the scientific revolution would also often find itself in opposition to___________.

scholasticism; universities

Pascal's attitude towards reason was that it was...

insufficient for grasping religious concepts.