Green Algae (Phylum Chlorophyta)

What is primary endosymbiosis?

Eukaryotic host cell engulfs cyanobacteria to form chloroplasts, (evolution in Green and Red Algae).

What are the products of secondary endosymbiosis?

Brown Algae, Diatoms, Dinoflagellates, etc.

What is a characteristic feature of all Chlorophytes?

Inhabit freshwater, zygotic life cycles, and possess flagellated cells.

What is the most primitive green algae?

Chlamydomonas.

What are the two flagella used for in Chlamydomonas?

Movement.

What is the function of the eyespot in Chlamydomonas?

It is a light-sensing structure that helps the algae move towards light.

What role does the pyrenoid serve in Chlamydomonas?

It is a derived structure used to store starches.

Define plasmogamy and karyogamy in the context of Chlamydomonas' life cycle.

• Plasmogamy is the fusion of cytoplasm during fertilization

• karyogamy is the fusion of nuclei to form the zygote.

What is a zygospore?

It is the resting stage of a zygote during germination.

What is unique about Volvox?

It is a motile, colony of filamentous green algae of individual biflagellate protists.

What type of reproduction does Volvox exhibit?

Both asexual reproduction, forming daughter colonies, and sexual reproduction involving inducer chemicals.

How does Hydrodictyon appear and what is its life cycle?

It has a colonial, net-like structure and exhibits isogamous reproduction (asexual and sexual)

What structure is unique to Oedogonium and what is its purpose?

The oogonium structure, which is responsible for producing eggs.

What is the form of Fristhella?

branched parenchymatous green algae.

What unique structures does Fristhella possess?

Rhizoids for anchoring and plasmodesmata for cell communication.

What is the life cycle of Acetabularia?

It has a gametic life cycle.

Describe the morphology of Acetabularia.

It has a three-part morphology consisting of a rhizoid, stalk, and cap.

What is a notable characteristic of Caulerpa?

It is an invasive species considered the 'Monster of the sea' and is banned in the US.

What is the life cycle type of Cladophora?

Anisogamy.

What does Ulva, commonly known as Sea Lettuce, produce in its life cycle?

Flagellated spores known as ZOHO spores.

What is the significance of Halimeda in relation to beaches?

It contributes calcium carbonate that helps form white sand beaches.

What is Penicillus known for?

It is known for producing penicillin.