Psychology Unit 5: Mental and Physical Health

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55 Terms

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Health Psychology

The study of how psychological factors influence physical health and illness

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Stress

Psychological and physical response to perceived challenges or threats

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Hypertension

A condition characterized by consistently high blood pressure that can lead to health complications

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Immune suppression

The reduced ability of the immune systems to fight off infections and diseases

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Stressors

Events or situations that trigger stress responses in individuals

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Eustress

A positive form of stress that can motivate and enhance performance

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Distress

Negative form of stress that can lead to anxiety and decreased performance

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Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)

Traumatic events during childhood that can negatively impact a persons health and well-being later in life

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General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

A three-state response to stress that includes alarm, resistance and exhaustion

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Alarm reaction phase

The initial response to stress where the body detects a threat and activated the fight or flight response

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Flight-flight-freeze response

An automatic physiological reaction to a perceived threat, preparing the body to either escape, confront, or freeze in place

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Resistance Phase

The body’s adaption stage to prolonged stress where it tries to cope with and resist the stressor

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Exhaustion phase

Occurs when the body’s resources are depleted after prolonged stress, leading to decreased functioning and increased vulnerability to illness

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Tend-and-befriend theory

In response to stress, individuals, especially women, are more likely to seek social support and nurture others rather than just fight or flee

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Problem-focused coping

Involves actively addressing and attempting to solve the source of stress to reduce its impact

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Emotion-focused coping

Involves managing an regulating emotional response to stress rather then addressing the stressor itself

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Positive psychology

The study of strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive and lead fulfilling lives

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Well-being

A state of overall happiness and health, encompassing emotional, psychological and social aspects of life

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Resilience

The ability to adapt and bounce back from adversity, stress or challenging situations

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Positive emotions

Feelings that enhance well-being and promote adaptation functioning, such as joy, gratitude and love

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Gratitude

The appreciation for what one has, often leading to positive emotions and imposed well-being

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Positive subjective experiences

Personal feelings of happiness and satisfaction that contribute to an individuals overall sense of well-being

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Subjective well-being

An individuals self-reported assessment of their own happiness and life satisfaction

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Signature strengths (virtues)

Unique positive traits and equalities that characterize an individuals personality and contribute to their flourishing

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Positive objective experiences

Measurable events or situations that contribute to an individuals happiness and well-being

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Happiness

A positive emotional state characterized by feelings of joy, contentment and life satisfaction

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Categories of virtues

Classifications of positive traits that promote individual and collective flourishing, often grouped into areas like wisdom, courage, humanity, justice, temperance and transcendence

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Wisdom

Ability to make sound judgements and decisions based on knowledge, experience and insight

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Courage

The mental or moral strength to confront fear, pain or adversity

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Humanity

The quality of being compassionate and showing kindness and empathy towards others

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Justice

The principle of fairness and the pursuit of equality in treatment and opportunities for all individuals

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Temperance

The practice of self-control and moderation in one’s desires and actions

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Transcendence

The ability to rise above limitations and achieve a higher state of consciousness or understanding

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Posttraumatic growth

The positive psychological change that can occur as a result of struggling with challenging life circumstances

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Dysfunction

The impaired functioning of an individual or system that disrupts normal behavior or processes

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Deviation from the societal norm

Behavior that significantly differs from the accepted standards of a society

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Cultural/Societal Norms

The shared expectations and rules that guide behavior within a specific group or society

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Stigma

Negative perception/label associated with a particular characteristic or behavior that leads to discrimination or social disapproval

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Racism

The belief that one race is superior to others, leading to discrimination and prejudice based on racial differences

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Sexism

The belief that one gender is superior to another, resulting in discrimination and prejudice based on gender differences

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Ageism

The discrimination/prejudice against individuals based on their age, often leading to negative stereotypes about older or younger people

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Discrimination

The unfair treatment of individuals based on their group membership, race, gender or age

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Diagnostic and Statistical Manuel of Mental Disorders (DSM)

A comprehensive classification system used by mental health professionals to diagnose and categorize mental disorders

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International Classification of Mental Disorders (ICD)

Global standard for diagnosing and classifying health conditions, including mental disorders, used by healthcare providers worldwide

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Eclectic Approach

A method that combines techniques and theories from different psychological schools to address a clients needs

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Behavioral Perspective

Focuses on studying observable behaviors and the ways they’re learned through interactions with the environment

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Maladaptive learned associations

Negative connections formed between stimuli and responses that can lead to harmful behaviors or emotional issues

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Psychodynamic perspective

Emphasized the influence of unconscious processes and childhood experiences on behavior and mental states

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Humanistic Perspective

Focuses on individual potential; self-actualization, and the importance of personal growth and free will

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Cognitive Perspective

Examines mental processes such as thinking, memory, and problem-solving to understand behavior

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Evolutionary Perspective

Explores how natural selection and adaptation influence behavior and mental processes

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Sociocultural Perspective

Examines how social and cultural factors influence behavior, thoughts and emotions

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Biological Perspective

Focuses on the influence of genetics, brain structure, and neuroscientist Ty on behavior and mental processes

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Biopsychological model

Inegrates biological, psychological and social factors to understand health and illness (biopsych unit)

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Diathesis-Stress Model

Suggests that psychological disorders develop due to the interaction between a predisposition to a disorder and environmental stressors