Transcription

DNA may be transcriptionally inactivated by

methylation

Transcription

________: an enzymatic system that converts the genetic information of a segment of DNA into RNA strand with a base sequence complementary to one of the DNA strands.

Dissociation

________ of the transcript from the template requires energy produced from ATP hydrolysis by ATPase activity of rho factor.

Upstream

________: sequence proceeding the first base are numbered negatively.

Silencers

________: other specific sequences located on the same chromosome either upstream or downstream of transcription point.

frequency signal

Transcription ________: specific sequences further far upstream in DNa.

specific sequence

A(n) ________ in DNA template which is responsible for directing RNA polymerase to initiate transcription at a particular point.

Enhancers

________: specific sequences present from 200 to 300 bp upstream from the transcription initiation point.

negative supercoils

Act as binding site for a sequence- specific topoisomerase that introduces ________.

Transcription

an enzymatic system that converts the genetic information of a segment of DNA into RNA strand with a base sequence complementary to one of the DNA strands

Template strand (minus -)

strand that serves as a template for RNA synthesis

Precursors of RNA synthesis 4 ribonucleotide 5-triphosphate (rNTPs)

ATP, GTP, CTP, UTP

Position 1

the first point transcribed

Upstream

sequence proceeding the first base are numbered negatively

prokaryotic promotors

Pribnow box

eukaryotic promotors

GC box, CAAT box, TATA box (Hogness box)

prokaryotic initiation factor

sigma factor (σ*) (one subunit of RNA polymerase holoenzyme)*

Enhancers

specific sequences present from 200 to 300 bp upstream from the transcription initiation point

Silencers

other specific sequences located on the same chromosome either upstream or downstream of transcription point

Transcription frequency signal

specific sequences further far upstream in DNa

transcription bubble includes

RNA polymerase, DNA, RNA nascent

RNA polymerase III

makes tRNA, 5S rRNA, other snRNA

RNA polymerase I

pre-ribosomal RNA

RNA polymerase II

pre-mRNA + special function RNAs