Electricity and Magnetism

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<p>Electric Current (I)</p>

Electric Current (I)

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1
<p>Electric Current (I)</p>

Electric Current (I)

Flow of charge (electrons) in a fixed direction.

  • Measured in Amperes (A)

  • Only measured in a series circuit

<p>Flow of charge (electrons) in a fixed direction.</p><ul><li><p>Measured in Amperes (A)</p></li><li><p>Only measured in a series circuit</p></li></ul>
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2

Static Electric Current

A current that does not move/flow.

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3

Electric Charge (C)

Imbalance in the number of protons and electrons.

  • Measured in coulombs (C)

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4

Voltage (V)

When one joule of energy is given to one coulomb.

  • V= E/Q(C)

<p>When one joule of energy is given to one coulomb.</p><ul><li><p>V= E/Q(C)</p></li></ul>
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5

Electron Pumps

‘Pump’ electrons by pulling them from one end of a wire and pushing them into the other.

  • Convert chemical energy to electricity.

  • (E.g: Cells/batteries)

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6

Cell

Transfers energy to electrons.

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7

Battery

Two or more cells.

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8

Conductor

Materials that allow electrons to pass through them well.

  • (E.g: Metals have free electrons between atoms, making them great conductors)

<p>Materials that allow electrons to pass through them well.</p><ul><li><p>(E.g: Metals have free electrons between atoms, making them great conductors)</p></li></ul>
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9

Insulator

Materials that do not allow electrons to pass through them well.

  • (E.g: Rubber has tightly bound electrons)

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10

Semi-Conductor

Materials that are neither conductors nor insulators.

  • (E.g silicon and germanium are good conductors when warm, poor when cold)

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11

Electric Circuit

A continuous path of wires and electrical components where electrons can flow. Controlled by a switch between two terminals of a cell or battery.

<p>A continuous path of wires and electrical components where electrons can flow. Controlled by a switch between two terminals of a cell or battery.</p>
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12
<p>Series Circuit</p>

Series Circuit

A circuit with only one electric current flows throughout.

  • I₁ = I₂ = I₃ = I₄

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13
<p>Parallel Circuit</p>

Parallel Circuit

A circuit in which the current is split to power two or more electrical components.

  • The voltage of each branch is the same, but the currents may vary

  • IT = I₁ + I₂ + I₃ + I₄

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14

When more bulbs are added in a series circuit, the brightness_____.

Dims

  • The current is split across each bulb and grows weaker.

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15

When more bulbs are added in a parallel circuit, the brightness ______.

Stays the same

  • The current is split evenly across each bulb.

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16

Electric Resistance (R)

When a current experiences opposition as it passes through a material cue to collisions of the electrons.

  • Measured in ohms (Ω)

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17

Resistors

Materials that oppose/resist the flow of electric currents.

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18

Insulators have _______ resistance.

Infinite

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19

Conductors have _______ resistance.

Near-zero

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20

Semi-conductors have _______ resistance.

Some

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21

Resistors have _______ resistance.

Finite

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