Electricity and Magnetism
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21 Terms
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Electric Current (I)
Flow of charge (electrons) in a fixed direction.
* Measured in Amperes (A)
* Only measured in a series circuit
* Measured in Amperes (A)
* Only measured in a series circuit
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Static Electric Current
A current that does not move/flow.
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Electric Charge (C)
Imbalance in the number of protons and electrons.
* Measured in coulombs (C)
* Measured in coulombs (C)
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Voltage (V)
When one joule of energy is given to one coulomb.
* V= E/Q(C)
* V= E/Q(C)
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Electron Pumps
‘Pump’ electrons by pulling them from one end of a wire and pushing them into the other.
* Convert chemical energy to electricity.
* (E.g: Cells/batteries)
* Convert chemical energy to electricity.
* (E.g: Cells/batteries)
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Cell
Transfers energy to electrons.
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Battery
Two or more cells.
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Conductor
Materials that allow electrons to pass through them well.
* (E.g: Metals have free electrons between atoms, making them great conductors)
* (E.g: Metals have free electrons between atoms, making them great conductors)
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Insulator
Materials that do not allow electrons to pass through them well.
* (E.g: Rubber has tightly bound electrons)
* (E.g: Rubber has tightly bound electrons)
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Semi-Conductor
Materials that are neither conductors nor insulators.
* (E.g silicon and germanium are good conductors when warm, poor when cold)
* (E.g silicon and germanium are good conductors when warm, poor when cold)
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Electric Circuit
A continuous path of wires and electrical components where electrons can flow. Controlled by a switch between two terminals of a cell or battery.
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Series Circuit
A circuit with only one electric current flows throughout.
* I₁ = I₂ = I₃ = I₄
* I₁ = I₂ = I₃ = I₄
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Parallel Circuit
A circuit in which the current is split to power two or more electrical components.
* The voltage of each branch is the same, but the currents may vary
* IT = I₁ + I₂ + I₃ + I₄
* The voltage of each branch is the same, but the currents may vary
* IT = I₁ + I₂ + I₃ + I₄
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When more bulbs are added in a series circuit, the brightness_____.
Dims
* The current is split across each bulb and grows weaker.
* The current is split across each bulb and grows weaker.
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When more bulbs are added in a parallel circuit, the brightness ______.
Stays the same
* The current is split evenly across each bulb.
* The current is split evenly across each bulb.
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Electric Resistance (R)
When a current experiences opposition as it passes through a material cue to collisions of the electrons.
* Measured in ohms (Ω)
* Measured in ohms (Ω)
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Resistors
Materials that oppose/resist the flow of electric currents.
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Insulators have _______ resistance.
Infinite
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Conductors have _______ resistance.
Near-zero
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Semi-conductors have _______ resistance.
Some
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Resistors have _______ resistance.
Finite