21st Century Literature from the Philippines to the World - Review Flashcards (National Artists and Asian Literatures)

Flashcards covering canonical Philippine National Artists, Asian literatures (China, India, Japan), and terminologies mentioned in the notes.

Who is Edith Tiempo and what is she known for?

Poetry and fiction in English; co-founded the Silliman National Writers Workshop with her husband; famous poems include The Little Marmoset, Bonsai, His Native Coast.

What is Bienvenido Lumbera known for in Filipino literature?

Poet, librettist, and scholar who introduced 'Bagay' poetry in Tagalog; blended popular art with high literature in works like Tales of the Manuvu and Rama Hari; helped shape modern Filipino literary criticism and history.

What is N.V.M. Gonzales noted for in Philippine writing?

Fictionist and essayist who portrayed Filipino rural and urban life; mastered English to reflect Filipino culture; taught at U.P. and helped develop Philippine writing in English.

Who is Virgilio S. Almario (Rio Alma) and what were his contributions?

Poet and literary critic who revived traditional Filipino poetic forms; advocated modernism while preserving classical styles; founded GAT and LIRA to support young poets; champion of Filipino language and children's literature.

What is Cirilo F. Bautista known for and name some major works.

Acclaimed poet, fictionist, essayist, and teacher; noted for mentorship of young writers; major works include The House of Desire, Words and Battlefields, The Trilogy of Saint Lazarus, and Galaw ng Asoge.

Describe Nick Joaquin’s literary focus.

Wrote fiction, plays, essays, and journalism; known for a rich, ‘Joaquinesque’ Spanish-flavored English style; focused on Filipino identity and colonial history.

What are F. Sionil Jose’s main contributions to literature?

Novelist and short story writer known for epic social realism; advocated for social justice and Filipino identity; founder of the Philippine PEN; works translated internationally.

What themes characterize Amado V. Hernandez’s work?

Poet, novelist, and playwright who practiced 'committed art'; wrote about social injustice and the plight of workers and peasants; known for simplifying Tagalog prose to be more accessible.

What is Lazaro Francisco known for and what organization did he found?

Social realist novels in Tagalog; advocated for the Filipino language; founded KAWIKA.

What are Carlos P. Romulo’s notable achievements?

Diplomat, journalist, and writer; first Asian UN General Assembly President and a Pulitzer Prize winner; wrote memoirs and books on war, politics, and leadership.

Jose Garcia Villa is internationally recognized for what poetic innovations?

Modernist poet who created 'comma poems' and used a reversed consonance rhyme scheme.

What is the literary meaning of 'canon' as used in the notes?

A set of works considered to be the most important, influential, or representative in a particular field.

Which Chinese dynasty is the longest in history and when did it rule?

The Chou (Zhou) Dynasty; lasted from 1122 B.C. to 256 B.C.

Name the Five Classics of Chinese literature.

The Book of Changes, The Book of History, The Book of Rites, The Book of Odes, The Spring and Autumn Annals.

Who is Confucius and what is notable about his name in the notes?

One of the greatest philosophers; westernized name is Confucius, while his original name is Kung (Kung Fu-tze).

Who is Li Po (Li Bai) and what themes are common in his poetry?

Leading Chinese poet of the 8th century; his poems treat love, friendship, wine, nature, and simple village living, often romanticizing wine.

Who is Bo Juyi (P'o-Chu-i) and what roles did he hold?

Chinese poet who represented the classical tradition in literature, politics, and morality; served as a politician and advisor to the emperor.

What are the key Hindu texts referenced, and what does Sanskrit mean?

Vedas are the four sacred Hindu texts; Sanskrit means 'cultivated' or 'perfected'.

What are the Ramayana and Mahabharata about?

Ramayana centers on the reincarnation of Vishnu as Rama; Mahabharata centers on Krishna; both are among the greatest epics of India.

What is the Rig-Veda and what are the Upanishads?

Rig-Veda: hymns in praise of the gods; Upanishads: explanations and reflections on ideas suggested by the Rig-Veda.

Name key figures in Indian drama and poetry mentioned in the notes and one work each.

Bhasa (early dramatist with 13 plays); Kalidasa (Shakuntala; termed the brightest of the nine gems); Panchatantra (early collection of fables).

Who is Rabindranath Tagore and what honors did he receive?

Great Indian poet and dramatist; awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913 and knighted in 1915.

What are Kojiki and Nihongi in Japanese literature?

Earliest literary works of Japan; Kojiki is Records of Ancient Matters; Nihongi is Chronicles of Japan.

What is Katakana and how many characters does it have?

The basic alphabet in Japan consisting of 47 characters.

Name the three types of traditional Japanese drama.

Noh play, Joruri (puppet) play, Kabuki.

What is Manyo Shu and Haiku in Japanese poetry?

Manyo Shu is the oldest collection of Japanese poetry (compiled ~800 A.D.); Haiku is the shortest form, with 17 syllables in a 5-7-5 pattern.

What is Tanka in Japanese poetry?

A five-line poem totaling 31 syllables.

What is the significance of the Bamboo Dancers in these notes?

A work by N.V.M. Gonzales referenced in the Terminologies section.

What organizations did Virgilio S. Almario establish to support poets?

GAT (Galian sa Arte at Tulà) and LIRA (Linangan ng mga Manunulat at Retorikal/Akademya, per notes) dedicated to nurturing young poets.

What is Philippine PEN and who is associated with it?

An international writers’ association; F. Sionil Jose is noted as a founder of the Philippine PEN.

What is KAWIKA and who founded it?

A literary organization founded by Lazaro Francisco to promote Filipino-language writing.