Study Guide Exam 2

Accommodation

Focus on internal improvement of Black communities economically, educationally, and morally, primarily advocated by Booker T. Washington.

Booker T. Washington

Primary advocate of the accommodation approach for Black Americans; emphasized self-help and economic advancement.

Equality via self-help

Established by Booker T. Washington to promote economic and educational self-sufficiency among Black Americans.

Tuskegee Institute

Focused on industrial education; trained African Americans for manual labor, farming, and domestic work.

National Negro Business League

Created opportunities for Black entrepreneurs to network and develop successful business strategies.

Confrontation/protest

A strategy demanding immediate rights for Black Americans, contrasting with accommodation.

Equality via agitation

The argument that rights must be guaranteed before improvements can occur, advocated by W.E.B. Du Bois.

William (W.E.B.) Du Bois

A prominent civil rights activist advocating for immediate rights for Black individuals through confrontation.

Ida Wells-Barnett

Activist known for her anti-lynching campaigns and advocacy for civil rights.

Nationalism

The idea of permanent resettlement for Black people, with some advocates promoting returning to Africa.

Bishop Henry Turner

Key advocate for resettling Black Americans in Africa, particularly Liberia.

National Baptist Convention

Founded in 1895 as an independent association for Black churches due to discrimination in leadership roles.

African Methodist Episcopal Church

Formed in 1861 to address conflicts within the Methodist church pertaining to race.

Mary Church Terrell

Involved in the National Association of Colored Women, opposed emotionalism in Black church services.

Push and Pull factors of migration

Factors causing migration, with push from rural issues and pull toward urban labor opportunities.

The Great Migration

Mass movement of African Americans from the South to the North and West, significantly impacting Black political thought.

First Wave of the Great Migration

1910-1940, with around 1.6 million African Americans migrating primarily to northern cities.

Second Wave of the Great Migration

Post-World War II migration of roughly 3.4 million Black Americans to northern and western cities.

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, advocating for rights through education, litigation, and lobbying.

UNIA

Universal Negro Improvement Association, celebrating Black heritage and advocating for a glorious future, led by Marcus Garvey.

Marcus Garvey

Leader of UNIA, proposed returning Black people to Africa and established the Black Star Line.

Negro World

Weekly newspaper promoting Marcus Garvey's ideology and UNIA initiatives.

Negro Factories Corporation

Operated businesses including stores and a laundry, aimed at providing services for UNIA members.

Springfield IL Riot

Event leading to the formation of the NAACP, marked by violence against Black residents after false accusations.

New Negro

Represents the hopes and aspirations of African Americans migrating to urban centers during WWI.

Harlem Renaissance

Cultural and community transformation marked by the emergence of Harlem as a center for Black culture and politics.

Slumming

Middle and upper-class whites visiting poorer Black communities to experience a version of social primitivism.

Carl Van Vechten

Author of 'N Heaven,' which sparked controversy in the Black artistic community.

Adam C. Powell Sr

Prominent religious leader advocating for LGBT tolerance within Black churches.