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Alpha-Beta Heterodimer
More common TCR, recognizes Ag peptides on MHC I or II
Gamma-Delta Heterodimer
Less common TCR, doesn’t require antigen presentation
TCR chains
Members of Ig superfamily, have 2 Ig-like domains with intrachain disulfide bond, C and V regions (with 3 CDR regions)
TCR transmembrane region
Usually hydrophobic but has positively charged amino acid residues that interact with negatively charged residues on CD3 complex, short cytoplasmic tail
RAM
Receptor associated molecules for TCRs, the CD3 component, 3 dimers
CD3 dimers
epsilon delta, epsilon gamma, and zeta zeta or zeta eta
Zeta-Zeta dimer
Has the most phosphorylation sites (3 each, 6 total), where the others only have two total
RAM functions
Have ITAMs in cytoplasmic domain, phosphorylation, docking for adapter proteins, have negative charged amino acid residues in transmembrane region that interacts with positive charged residues of TCR heterodimer (alpha-beta)
CD4
Monomer with 4 Ig-like domains and disulfide bonds, each has a hydrophobic transmembrane domain and their cytoplasmic tail (serines) can be phosphorylated, guides MHCII to TCR
CD8
alpha beta heterodimer, with one Ig-like domain and disulfide bond, has hydrophobic transmembrane domain and tail has several residues that can be phosphorylated
T-cell co-receptor (CD4 or CD8)
Binds MHC to increase avidity of T-cell and target antigen binding
CD28
Another T-cell co-receptor, binds CD80 and/or CD86 on APC for full activation of naive T-cell