Parasitology ( Quiz Exam #2)

The preferred flotation technique to find parasite eggs or oocysts is the _______________.

centrifugal flotation

Which nematode is transmitted by the face fly, Musca autumnalis?

Thelazia californiensis

Infection by this parasite is via skin penetration. This nematode is typically free-living in the environment, and only the female worms are pathogenic to the host.

Strongyloides stercoralis

Which parasite may be diagnosed by examining urine?

Dioctophyma species

Which nematode ova may be confused with whipworms on a fecal exam, especially in cats?

Eucoleus aerophilus

The preferred flotation solutions are Sheather's solution and __________.

Zinc sulfate solution

the ideal specific gravity for flotation solutions is __________.

1.2 - 1.25

The simple flotation technique relies on the weight of the parasite eggs or oocysts and the ____________ the solution

specific gravity of

The _________ technique can be used to identify pinworms if eggs are not found in flotation techniques.

cellophane tape

The Baermann technique is used to recover __________ from soil, feces, or body tissues/fluids.

lungworm larvae

Fecal sedimentation is used to find eggs or oocysts that are ________.

too heavy for the flotation techniques

The nematodes are collectively called the ___________________.

Roundworms

The eggs of Ancylostoma caninum contain a (an):

8-16 cell morula

The genus and species for the common dog hookworm is:

Ancylostoma caninum

Hookworms can infect a host

through the skin

The canine whipworm is:

Trichuris vulpis

Toxascaris leonina infects _________.

dogs and cats

Neural larval migrans is caused by __________.

Baylisascaris procyonis

The definitive host for Baylisascaris procyonis is the __________.

raccon

Enterobius vermicularis, the human pinworm, can infect _________.

humans only

Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati have eggs described as having a deeply pigmented center, spherical, unembryonated, and a ________.

Rough, pitted outer shell

Trichinosis is a disease of humans acquired from _________.

pigs

Cutaneous larval migrans is caused by __________.

Ancylostoma caninum

Which of the following is the most likely mode of transmission of Toxacara cati in felines?

Predation of the paratenic host

which modes are no ways of transmission of Toxacara cati in felines?

percutaneous and transplacental

This slide under the microscope contains the product of a fecal exam on a young pup which, some two weeks prior, had shown clinical signs of pneumonia, e.g., coughing, elevated respiratory rate, foamy nasal discharge, etc. Which parasite shown on the slide is most likely responsible for the pulmonary signs?

Toxocara canis

These worms were some of the many removed from the small intestine of a 6-week-old puppy that died of severe anemia. Identify the genus and species

ancylostoma canium

Hookworms

They are small and are blood suckers

How did the puppy most likely acquire ancylostoma caninum infection?

transmammary

Hookworms can be transmitted by

A veterinary technician is assisting with a fecal flotation on a dog recently adopted from a racing greyhound facility. The dog was treated twice with Fenbendazole, but the fecal exam still shows numerous hookworm eggs consistent with Ancylostoma caninum. What is the most likely explanation?

Drug resistance in the hookworm population

Which diagnostic approach is most useful for evaluating suspected anthelmintic resistance in intestinal parasites?

Fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT)

What is the recommended resistance test for hookworm?

Fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT)

All farm animals have parasites.This is more likely to become a clinical problem when:

- During pregnancy/lactation

- When shipping/overcrowding

- The parasite load is too large, and/or if the animals are malnourished or sick

McMaster's Technique in large animals is used:

To evaluate parasite contamination and dewormer resistance

Large strongyles (Strongylus vulgaris) are also known as:

redworms or bloodworms

Parasite known to cause thromboembolic colic in horses:

Large strongyles

Cyathostomes are also known as:

Small strongyles

Equine roundworms.

Parascaris equorum

In horses, you would use a cellophane tape test to test for this parasite

Oxyuris equi

Ruminant strongylid (nematode):

Haemonchus, Cooperia, Nematodirus, Ostertagia, Trichostrongyle

The "brown stomach worm", a very pathogenic nematode species affecting the abomasum of cattle:

Ostertagia

FAMACHA is used for parasites in small ruminants to determine:

levels of anemia due to Haemonchus contortus infection

Which parasite could cause anemia in horses through blood-sucking?

Strongylus vulgaris

This is the intermediate host for the parasite whose larvae can cause "summer sores" in horses:

Muscidae stable flies

Which of these pig parasites can be diagnosed by muscle biopsy?

Trichinella spiralis

The most common nematodes found in the fecal flotations of ruminants are _________.

Trichostrongyles

Parascaris equorum is also known as ________.

the equine roundworm

Summer sores in horses are caused by ________.

Draschia megastoma

The roundworm of pigs is _________.

Ascaris suum

Trichinosis is a disease of humans acquired from _________.

pigs

canine roundworm

Toxocara canis

Lungworm of dogs

Eucoleus aerophilus

human pinworm

Enterobius vermicularis

feline roundworm

Toxocara cati

eyeworm

thelazia californiensis

large roundworm of cats and dogs

Toxascaris leonina

bladder worm for dogs and cats

Pearsonema

canine hookworm

Ancylostoma caninum

feline lungworm

Aelurostrongylus abstrusus

hookworms of cats

Ancylostoma tubaeforme

esophageal worm of dogs

Spirocerca lupi

stomach worms of dogs and cats

Physaloptera

raccoon roundworm

Baylisascaris procyonis

canine whipworm

Trichuris vulpis

giant kidney worm

Dioctophyme renale

lungworm of dogs and cats

Eucoleus aerophilus

intestinal threadworms

Strongyloides

Pyrantel pamoate is most commonly used to treat which parasites in dogs and cats?

Roundworms and hookworms

Simparica Trio, labelled for use in dogs, contains sarolaner, moxidectin, and pyrantel pamoate. The pyrantel included in this combination product is used for the treatment and control of infections caused by which of the following parasites?

Roundworms and hookworms

Why might repeated fecal flotations be necessary to diagnose certain nematodes, such as Trichuris vulpis

Long prepatent period and intermittent shedding

Ostertagia, the “brown stomach worm” of cattle, inhabits and causes dysfunction in which of the following organs?

Abomasum

Which of the following medications is effective in treating whipworm infections in dogs?

Fenbendazole

Droncit is a brand name medication for cats that contains the active ingredient praziquantel. It is used to treat infections caused by which type of parasite?

Tapeworms

A 4-month-old mixed-breed puppy is presented to the clinic for diarrhea, a pot-bellied appearance, and poor weight gain. The puppy was recently adopted from a shelter and has not yet received routine deworming. A fecal flotation is performed and round to slightly oval, thick-shelled eggs with a pitted outer surface are observed under the microscope

Based on the egg morphology and clinical signs, what is the most likely gastrointestinal nematode present?

Toxocara canis

What human disease can result from infection with this parasite (toxocara) and how do humans typically become infected?

Toxocariasis from egg ingestion

which life cycle route is most commonly responsible for infection in young puppies?

transplacental transmission

List two prevention or control strategies that veterinary clinics should recommend to pet owners to reduce transmission.

Monthly preventatives and being cautious about picking up feces especially out in public like dog parks to limit spread

Name two benzimidazole class anthelmintics used to treat canine intestinal parasites

Which canine parasite has shown documented resistance to benzimidazole dewormers in certain dog populations, particularly racing and breeding dogs?

Ancylostoma caninum

What is the primary mechanism of action of benzimidazole drugs such as Fenbendazole?

Disrupting parasite microtubule formation and glucose uptake

What is the genus/species name of the most common and pathogenic canine hookworm in our area?

Ancylostoma caninum

What is this species of nematode found living around the eye of this animal?

Thelazia californiensis

When examining a urine sediment from a shelter dog with signs of urinary tract disease you see these ova. The dog was recently shipped to a Massachusetts shelter from Alabama. What is the most likely culprit?

You suspect that this dog is infected with Pearsonema

Cyathostomes are also known as:

Equine small redworms

You find this ova on an equine fecal float. How will you identify this parasite?

Strongyle-type egg

Toxocara canis:

large roundworms of dogs

Toxocara cati:

large roundworm of cats

Toxascaris leonina:

roundworm of dogs and cats

what is an extremely common parasites of dogs and cats?

Toxocara species

some studies indicate that virtually all pups are born infected with

Toxocara canis