American West- Continuing Conflict

what did Billy the Kid grow up in?

poverty and soon got in trouble for stealing

What did Billy the Kid become involved in in 1878?

A range war between cattle baron John and Chisum and smaller ranches

What did Billy swear?

Revenge when friends were killed

What did Billy’s gang cause?

Chaos around New Mexico

What happened to local law officers?

They were also caught up in the range war

when could the law be enforced?

When a new governor appointed a new sheriff. Pat Garrett

What happened after escaping jail?

Billy was tracked down and shot Dead by Garrett in 1881

What was local law enforcement?

Weak and caught up in the range war too

What could Billy’s gang easily do?

Escape the law and hide in remote areas

How was life for most people?

Hard , being an outlaw was glamorous and exciting

What was Wyatt Earp arrested for

He first got into law enforcement for being arrested for fighting in Wichita

Who did Wyatt Earp help?

The deputy marshal deal with a rowdy bunch of cowboys

What happened by 1879, where’d he move?

To the mining town of tombstone

What were rich businessmen doing?

Fighting for control of the area with ranchers and cowboys led by the Clantons and McLaurys.

Who hired Earp when?

In 1880 businessmen hired him as deputy sheriff to end the fight in their favour

What did Earp and his brothers do?

Had a tough way of handling crime

What did some say?

They increased lawlessness instead of reducing it

What did Earp’s rivalry with the Clantons and Mclaureys lead to?

A famous gunfight at the OK Corral in October 1881

What turned against the Earps

After the gunfight public opinion turned against them

What were they considered?

Murderers a and they left tombstone in 1882

What had Earp and his brothers known as

Known for aggressive policing

How many cowboys died? And what did witnesses disagree on?

Three cowboys, disagreed on wether it was self defence or whether the earps were guilty of murder

What did Wyatt lead?

A posse that killed three cowboys in return and people began to question Wyatt’s violent policing methods

What did Wyatt Earp’s career do?

Bring attention to the lawlessness in the West it showed how similar lawmen could be to the criminals

How many times had Earp been arrested

9 and other officers had criminal pasts

How many US citizens lived in Wyoming?

Only 9000 lived in the territory in the early 1870s

What was most of the land in Wyoming?

Public

What developed??

huge cattle ranches backed by foreign investment

Who owned the cattle ranches?

Very few rich men, they controlled Wyoming

what did the harsh winter of 1886-87 of Wyoming cause

Terrible losses to the open range herds in Wyoming

What happened to big ranches

The power and influence of them were shaken some went bankrupt

Why did smaller ranches do better?

They could rescue more of the cattle

What did the big ranchers believe?

The smaller ranchers stole cattle from them

What happened to the population of Wyoming?

It increased as more homesteaders and small ranchers moved there

What occurred by 1884?/ what was a problem for the ranchers?

10,000 acres had been homesteaded, their barbed wire fences were a problem for the big ranches

What did the newcomers dislike?

The way the big ranchers would not share political power

In Johnson county what did juries never do?

Convict people accused of rustling big ranch cattle

What was Watson and Averill’s land used for

640 acre claim that rancher Albert Bothwellnused for his cattle

What did Jim Averill do?

Write rude letters about bothwell to the local newspaper

What did Watson do?

Obtain a small herd of cows

What did bothwell accuse her of? / what happened after this

Rustling his cows/ bothwell and his men hanged Watson and averill and soon after took back the land

As a result of the killing of Watson and averill and three more murders?

The small ranchers announced that they would hold a spring round up of cattle earlier than the round up by the WSGA

What were WGSA members sure of?

That small ranchers would use this round up to steal more cattle from them

Whodid the WSGA hire?

22 gunmen from Texas to ‘invade’ Johnson county and kill 70 suspected rustlers

What did they raise?

$100,00 most of it would be used to pay for legal costs after the invasion

What happened to the ‘invaders’

They got held up in a shoot out with Nate champion

Who did word reach?

Sheriff Angus of Johnson county and residents of the county’s main town, Buffalo.

What happened to the invaders ?

They were surrounded and arrested

consequences of the Johnson county war- what was the WSGA’s 100,000 used to do?

Hire the best Chicago lawyers

Where did the lawyers get the trial moved to?

Cheyenne Kurier here favoured the WSGA

What did the WSGA lawyers delay?

The trial until Johnson County could no longer afford to keep the prisoners in jail

What was the state gov full of what did they refuse to do?

WSGA supporters and they refused to help with the costs of the trial, the ‘invaders were set free

When was the battle of little big horn?

1876,

What happened in the second fort Laramie treaty

The Sioux were given a large reservation in South Dakota and could roam freely in the black hillls

What were white people not allowed to do?

Settler there or prospect for gold

What happened as the northern pacific railroad got closer to Sioux land

General Custer led cavalrymen to protect the railroad builders and look for gold he found it

What did prospectors do?

Stake their claims to the land

What did the US gov offer?

$6 million for the black hills or $400,000 a year for the mineral rights

What did they refuse?

Most offers and many bands left the Sioux reservation

What happened in dec 1875, what were the Sioux given

60 days to return to their reservation or be attacked there was deep snow and it was impossible to travel

What occurred by spring?

Over 7,000 indigenous tribe members were ready for war

What did sitting bull and crazy horse do?

Their people and them defeated general crook on rosebud river in 1876.

Where did they then travel

West towards little big horn river

Who did Custer attack?

25 June 1876 Custer attacked the indigenous warriors at the Little Big horn and were badly defeated

How many men died?

225 men and many were stripped disfigured and scalped

Why do some blame Custer for the army’s defeat?

He should’ve waited for back up

He only had 600 men and split them to attack

This meant they were heavily outnumbered and easily overcome

What did the massacre of general Custer do?

Shocked and appalled most white Americans

What was happening beforehand?

Public opinion favoured trying to reach agreement with indigenous peoples

Afterwards?

Many white people wanted to destroy them or at least their ways of life

What was the battle of little big horn for the us armu?

A failure for the US army

What do some historians argue? Why?

That it was a long term success as two forts were built and 2500 army reinforcements sent west

What was their a pursuit of?

The Cheyenne and Sioux tribes until most were in their reservations

Who was captured

Crazy horse and was killed

Where did sitting bull move his tribes tov

Canada however food shortages forced his return and surrender in 1881

What did the Sioux and tribes dog

Forced to sell the black Hills and other land and give up their horses and live under military rule

What happened in 1890?

Sioux rations were cut and a drought meant their crops failed

What did an indigenous American have a vision of?

If they all kept dancing the great spirit would carry white people away

What did more indigenous people on white Americans

They began to den a won reservations which worried white settlers and the army moved in to stop dancing

What happened to sitting bull?

He was killed when Sioux police tried to arrest him in case he led a new rebellion against the us control of his people

Where did his followers flee?

South to join the band of Big Foot who had also fled when the army moved in

When was the wounded knee massacre?

29 December 1890

What slowed Big Foot’s band down

Snow and pneuomonia and the army caught them

What were the impacts of the wounded knee massacre?

it was the end to Sioux band resisting army control and the last clash between the Sioux and the US army

What did the massacre confirm?

White views about the need to exterminate ‘hostile’ indigenous Americans -thought it was justified

What had the end of the ghost dance done?

Upset and worried white Americans who saw it as a build up to trouble

What did no where within the USA now belong to?

Any other public or nation