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System
A collection of inputs, actions, and outputs that work together to achieve a specific purpose.
Extinction Rate
The rate at which species are disappearing from the Earth.
Ecosystem Services
The benefits that humans receive from the natural environment, such as food production, water purification, and climate regulation.
Threats to Biological Diversity
Factors that increase the risk of species extinction.
Background Extinction Rate
The natural rate at which species go extinct.
Agricultural Production
The process of growing crops and raising livestock for food.
Human Population Growth
The increase in the number of people living on Earth.
Scientific Process
The steps followed in scientific research, including observation, hypothesis formation, data collection, and analysis.
Systems Analysis
The study of how inputs, actions, and outputs of a system are affected under different conditions.
Steady State
A condition in which inputs and outputs of a system are balanced and the system remains unchanged over time.
Atoms
Tiny particles that are the building blocks of matter.
Elements
Different types of atoms that exist.
Molecule
Two or more atoms held together.
Compounds
Substances formed by the combination of atoms of different elements.
Ecosystem
A specific location on Earth characterized by interacting living and non-living components.
Producers
Organisms that capture energy from the sun and convert it into food through photosynthesis.
Consumers
Organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms.
Food Chains
Linear paths that show the flow of energy from one organism to another in an ecosystem.
Trophic Level
The position an organism occupies in a food chain or web.
Food Webs
Complex networks of interconnected food chains that show the relationships between species in an ecosystem.
Productivity
The amount of energy available in an ecosystem, which determines the number of producers and consumers it can support.
Net Primary Productivity (NPP)
The energy captured by producers minus the energy used for respiration and plant death.
Biomass
The total mass of living matter in a specific area.
Ecological Efficiency
The proportion of energy transferred from one trophic level to the next in a food chain or web.