Unit 4 Chemistry Test

What are Ionic Bonds?

Bonds between a metal and a non-metal

What do Ionic Bonds do?

They transfer electrons from the metal to the non-metal.

What are some characteristics of Ionic Compounds?

High melting point, high boiling points, conductivity when dissolved in water, and form crystal lattices

What are Metallic bonds?

Bonds formed between metal atoms

What is a characteristic of electrons in Metallic Bonds?

They are freely flowing around multiple atomic nuclei

What are covalent bonds?

Bonds formed between two non-metals

What do covalent bonds do?

They share electrons between two non-metals

What is electronegativity?

An atom’s ability to attract electrons in a bond

What are the three types of covalent bonds?

Nonpolar, polar, and ionic

What are non polar covalent bonds

Covalent bonds in which the electrons are shared equally

What are polar covalent bonds

Covalent bonds in which the electrons are shared unequally

What is the range in electronegativity for Ionic bonds

> 1.7

What is the range in electronegativity for polar covalent bonds

0\.4 - 1.7

What is the range in electronegativity for nonpolar covalent bonds

< 0.4

What are hydrocarbons?

Molecules that contain only carbon and hnydrogen

What are the three main families of hydrocarbons?

Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes

What is the formula for Alkanes?

CxH2x+2

What is the formula for Alkenes?

CxH2x

What is the formula for Alkynes?

CxH2x-2

What is the prefix for 1 carbon atom?

Meth-

What is the prefix for 2 carbon atoms?

Eth-

What is the prefix for 3 carbon atoms?

Prop-

What is the prefix for 4 carbon atoms?

But-

What is the prefix for 5 carbon atoms?

Pent-

What is the prefix for 6 carbon atoms?

Hex-

What is the prefix for 7 carbon atoms?

Hept-

What is the prefix for 8 carbon atoms?

Oct-

What is the prefix for 9 carbon atoms?

Non-

What is the prefix for 10 carbon atoms?

Dec-

What is Dissociation?

A process in which ionic substances dissolve

What are binary compounds?

Two elements, one cation and one anion in which the ending of the anion has an ending changed to -ide.

What is a lattice structure

repeating 3-dimensional pattern

What are the prefixes for covalent compounds?

mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca

What are alloys?

Homogeneous mixtures of metals

What are allotropes?

Nonmetals that have different elemental forms

What is an octet?

Filled valence level

What is the ending for single bonds?

\-ane

What is the ending for double bonds?

\-ene

What is the ending for triple bonds?

\-yne

What is the relationship between amount of bonds and length with strength

As the amount of bonds increase and the length decreases, the bond strengthj increases

If chain forms a ring the prefix is

cyclo-

If chain is branched the prefix is

iso-

What is the abbreviation for a chain

R’

What is the R’-OH functional group?

alcohol

What is the suffix for R’-OH

\-anol

What is the suffix for R’-S-H

\-thiol

What is the suffix for R’-N → H

→ X

\-amine

What is the suffix for R’-C=O

→H

\-carbonyl(not in name)

What is the suffix for R’-C=O

→O-H

carboxyl(not in name)

What is the word for R’-CH3

methyl(within the name)