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Nursing research
The primary means by which new knowledge is discovered and brought into practice to improve the care that nurses provide to their patients.
Evidence-informed decision-making
An ongoing process that incorporates evidence from research findings, clinical expertise, client preferences, and other available resources to inform decisions that nurses make about clients.
Evidence Appraisal
The critical evaluation of research evidence to determine its validity, reliability, and relevance to inform nursing practice.
Clinical expertise
The knowledge and skills that nurses develop through their experience and practice in a clinical setting.
Ongoing learning
The continuous process of acquiring new knowledge and skills to stay up-to-date with advancements in nursing practice.
Application of the evidence
The integration of research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences to guide and inform nursing interventions and decision-making.
Difference between research and evidence-based practice:
Research generates new knowledge or validates existing knowledge based on theory
Evidence-based - to use the best available evidence to make informed patient care decisions
Conducting Research
The process of generating new knowledge or validating existing knowledge based on theory.
Evidence-based practice
The use of the best available evidence to make informed patient care decisions.
Quality improvement
A systematic approach to enhance the quality of patient care and the healthcare system by improving local work processes.
Data collection
The process of gathering information and metrics to assess clinical processes, patient outcomes, and other relevant factors.
Specific population
The measurement and evaluation of a specific population to identify areas for improvement, implement changes, and evaluate outcomes.
Analyze data
The process of identifying trends, areas of concern, and opportunities for improvement through the analysis of collected data, which may involve statistical analysis.
Nursing knowledge
The continuously evolving body of knowledge that encompasses various areas of knowledge, including knowledge derived from research and evidence.
Research the evidence
The systematic process of asking a question, searching for and collecting evidence, critically appraising the evidence, integrating it with clinical expertise and patient preferences, evaluating the outcome, and disseminating the outcomes.
Ask a question (PICO)
A framework for formulating a research question, which includes the following components:P (patient population), I (intervention of interest), C (comparison of interest), and O (outcome).
Finding the evidence
The process of finding the best available evidence through sources such as best practice guidelines, reputable sources, and the use of key words and operator words.
Evaluating the evidence
The critical evaluation of the evidence based on the source, author's credentials, research design, sample size and selection, data analysis, peer review, funding source, references, and replication.
Informed vs misinformed evidence:
Informed: studies and investigations conducted with a high degree of knowledge, accuracy, and adherent to scientific principles
Misinformed: studies conducted with errors, biases, or inaccuracies leading to flawed or unreliable results
Informed evidence
Studies and investigations conducted with a high degree of knowledge, accuracy, and adherence to scientific principles.
Misinformed Evidence
Studies conducted with errors, biases, or inaccuracies leading to flawed or unreliable results.
Integrate the evidence & evaluate outcome
The incorporation of evidence into clinical practice as a rationale for interventions, collaboration to initiate change, evaluation of the efficiency of change, and dissemination of the outcomes.
Disseminate the outcomes
The process of sharing the outcomes of evidence-based practice with stakeholders and the wider healthcare system to initiate change and improve patient care.
Quantitative
Research that can be precisely measured and quantified through statistical analysis, such as randomized controlled trials, surveys, and questionnaires.
Qualitative
Research that seeks to understand the perspective of individuals related to a specific issue through thematic, content, or narrative analysis, such as ethnography, narrative inquiry, and descriptive research.
Ethics in research
The principles and guidelines that govern ethical conduct in research, including the establishment of ethical review boards and obtaining participant consent.
Ethical review boards
Institutional Review Boards and Ethics Committees that review research proposals to ensure the protection of participants' rights and welfare.
Ethical principles
The principles of respect for persons, concern for welfare, and justice that guide ethical decision-making in research.
Participant consent
The process of obtaining informed and voluntary consent from participants to ensure their understanding and willingness to participate in research.
Carper's ways of knowing
The four patterns of knowledge and ways of understanding nursing and healthcare proposed by Barbra Carper in 1978, including empirical, aesthetic, ethical, and personal knowing.
Empirical knowing
The scientific knowledge of nursing that informs clinical decision-making through empirical data, research findings, and the scientific method.
Aesthetic knowing
The art of nursing that involves developing a deeper understanding of the patient's experience through intuition, personal perception, and creativity.
Ethical knowing
The moral and ethical dimensions of nursing that respect the dignity and rights of patients, guided by values, ethics, and principles.
Personal knowing
The personal component of nursing that focuses on self-awareness and self-understanding of the nurse, including biases, values, beliefs, and personal experiences.
Challenges and critiques
Overlapping categories, cultural sensitivity, reduction, and the evolution of nursing practice are challenges and critiques related to the ways of knowing in nursing.
Health
A person's overall physical, mental, and social well-being, free from illness, injury, or disease, existing on a continuum.
Wellness
A holistic approach to achieving and maintaining a state of well-being, actively promoting a healthy lifestyle across various dimensions, including physical, emotional, mental, social, and spiritual.
Biomedical model of health
A model of health that defines health as the absence of disease and focuses on treating existing health conditions through disease-centered, simplistic, and medication-based interventions.
Biopsychosocial model of health
A model of health that recognizes the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors in influencing health, emphasizing health prevention and considering the mind-body connection.
Mind-body connection
The relationship between psychological well-being and physical health, including psychosomatic effects, immune system functioning, pain perception, emotions, and the placebo effect.
Cultural views of health
The cultural models, beliefs, values, spirituality, traditional healing practices, norms, gender roles, and stigma that influence how health is perceived and approached.
Summary
Nurses utilize knowledge from different sources, including research and evidence, to inform their practice and improve patient outcomes. The ways of knowing in nursing provide patterns of knowledge that guide nursing care. Different models of health can be influenced by cultural factors.
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