multi store model

Who proposed the MSM

Sheffrin and Atkinson

What is the MSM

The cognitive model that shows our memory to split into 3 parts

It shows the pathway that information takes through the brain

What is the first part of MSM

SENSORY REGISTER

Where information from your senses is temporarily kept so that its available for processing

What kind of information is temporarily kept in SR

Acoustic info (echoic for the ears)

Visual (iconic in the eyes)

Tactile info (touch)

Olfactory(smell)

Gustatory(taste)

There is a huge amount of sensory information around us at once so what does the brain do?

The attention system chooses which bits of info to pay attention to and that info is transferred to the shot term memory I

Info not selected decays within half a second

What study supports the capacity of sr

Sperling

Visual sensory register can hold a lot of info but decays within 2 seconds

What is the a01 for stm and LTM when talking about multi store model

A01 for STM

• limited capacity

• Information temporarily stored so that it can be used to perform tasks

A01 for LTM

• memory of anything that lasts longer than 30 seconds

• Information in LTM has gone through the other 2 stores first and will be remembered better or worse depending on how its processed

What example can you use when talking about controlled lab studies on coding

BADDELEY

What famous case study can be used to demonstrate the separation of STM and LTM

HM

Who fell of his bike and hit hid head and dealt with epilepsy

Underwent brain surgery to remove the part of his brain causing him epilepsy

Whilst his eplislesy was cured the part of the brain removed was the hippocampus

His STM was intact and working and whilst he remembered facts and events before the surgery he could not create any new long term memories

Shows that where STM is processed and LTM is processed is in 2 different places which supports the model

What is the case study of KF and how does it show a limitation of MSM

KF suffered brain damage that damaged his short term memory

He struggled to recall digits read out to him but when he rea it himself he was able to recall it

This suggests that there might be an auditory and visual memory state - shows separate components of stm

This goes against msm AS there is only one single store for STM

What did CRAIK and LOCKHEART do?

They found that enduring memories are created by the way that it’s processed or used

Showed that when a deeper level of understanding is used to process information then we are more eikely to accurately recall that information

This shows that rehearsal may not be the most crucial factor into transferring info from STM to LTM

What else did craik do and with who

CRAIK AND WATKINS

Found that there are 2 types of rehearsal - maintenance and elaborating (NOT IN MSM)

E.r is needed to transfer info from STM TO LTM

This occurs when you can link new knowledge to previous knowledge

Serious flaw as MSM cant explain this

What did LARRY SQUIRE FOUND

He found Neuro imaging pictures that showed the prefrontal cortex working actively durin tasks involving stm and hippocampus was associated with LTM

Regional differences showed the STM AND LTM as separate stores

What is the counterpoint to LARRY QUIRE

It was found by CHARAN AND ROBERT that there is a significant overlap and interaction between brain regions that support STM and LTM

Hippocampus is also used in activates involving STM (when info was complex or new)

Suggest eveidnece is not as strong as assumed

What type of effect show support for MSM

SERIAL POSITION EFFECT

This was shown when ppt could recal words at the beginnnig and the end of a list more effectively then the middle/

This is explained through the remembrance of words at beginning being by the primary effect where there was more rehearsal and information being moved to LTM

The remembrance of words at the end of the list was due to the words still being fresh in the short term memory

This supports the MSM as it shows how STM and LTM work together and moving information through rehearsal and retrieval

What is another limitation of MSM (about LTM)

There are many evidence that shows LTM as more than one store

But MSM only shows LSM as one