MQ3

Plants!

plant defense made from modified epidermis:

prickle

plant defense made from modified leaf:

spine

plant defense made from modified branch:

thorn

Photosynthesis reaction

H2O + CO2 → C6H12O6 + O2

When bryophytes evolved:

500 mya

Bryophytes are the most ________ land plant.

primitive

Do bryophytes have a vascular system?

No

Bryophytes have ___________, so they need water to reproduce.

swimming sperm

This is the life cycle of a:

Bryophyte

Two broad examples of pterophytes:

Ferns, horsetails

How long ago did pterophytes evolve?

400 mya

Do pterophytes have a vascular system?

Yes

Pterophytes evolved ______ to retain water

Stomata

Do pterophytes have pollen?

No

Xylem carries:

water

Phloem carries:

Sugar

When did gymnosperms evolve?

300 mya

Do gymnosperms have a vascular system?

Yes

Do gymnosperms have stomata?

Yes

Do gymnosperms use pollen and seeds?

Yes

Do gymnosperms use specialized reproductive dispersal (fruit)?

No

3 examples of gymnosperms

Conifers, gingko, cycad

How long ago did angiosperms evolve?

200 mya

What symbiotic reproductive dispersal methods do angiosperms use?

Flowers and Fruit

B

Ovary

C

Style

D

Stigma

E

Pistil

F

Anther

G

Stamen

H

Filament

I

Sepal

J

Petal

A

Ovule

Biotic seed dispersal consists of animals _________/__________ seeds.

Eating/carrying

4 mechanisms of abiotic seed dispersal:

Wind, water, gravity, mechanical

A

bud

B

petiole

C

base

D

Vein

E

lobe

F

sinus

G

Margin

H

Apex

I

Midrib

J

blade

Venation pattern:

Arcuate

Venation pattern:

Palmate

Venation pattern:

Parallel

Venation pattern:

Pinnate

Venation pattern:

Reticulate

Stem growth pattern:

alternate

Stem growth pattern:

Opposite

Stem growth pattern:

Whorled

Label A-C

Terminal bud, node, internode

Label A-D

Leaf scar, bundle scars, lenticels, bud scale scar

The bud scale scar forms from last year’s:

Terminal bud

Monocot

Dicot

Monocots have floral parts in multiples of:

3

Dicots have floral parts in multiples of:

4/5

Monocot or dicot: Orchids

Monocot

Monocot or dicot: Grasses/sedges

Monocot

Monocot or dicot: : Palms

Monocot

Monocot or dicot: Lily/iris

Monocot

Monocot or dicot: Cacti

Dicot

Monocot or dicot: Carnivorous plants

Dicot

Which herbaceous dicot family has disk flowers and ray flowers? e.g. sunflower, lettuce, marigold

Asters

Which herbaceous dicot family has 4 petals, 6 stamen, and capsule fruit? e.g. broccoli, cabbage, radish

Mustard

Which herbaceous dicot family has square stem, opposite leaves, aromatic, fused flower, 4 stamen? e.g. lavender, basil, oregano

Mint

Which herbaceous dicot family has 1/2 fuseed (sun and ray) flowers and is toxic? e.g. chili, tobacco, petunia

Nightshade

Which herbaceous dicot family has opposite leaves, swollen nodes, and fringed petals?

Carnation/pink

Which herbaceous dicot family has hollow stems, dissected leaves, and umbel flowers? e.g. Queen anne’s lace, celery

Carrot/parsley

Which woody dicot family has compound leaves, flowers in catkins, and nut fruits in an aromatic husk?

Walnut/Pecan

Which woody dicot family has simple leaves, catkins, and nut fruits with a spiny husk?

Beech/Oak

Which woody dicot family has opposite leaves and paired winged fruit?

Maple

Which woody dicot family has leaves with a notably asymmetrical based and fruit in the center of a wing?

Elm

Which woody dicot family has a serrate leaf margin, paired stipules, prickles, and showy flowers with many stamens? e.g. apple, cherry, strawberry

Rose

Whcich woody dicot family has compound leaves, highly modified flowers, 10 stamens, a curved style, pod fruit, and nitrogen fixation symbosis?

Legume

What part of a pinecone indicates that it has taken 2 years to grow?

umbo

How many years has this cone taken to grow?

2

Which genus is divided into yellow and white, with cones every other year, an umbo on each scale, and broad scale bases?

Pinus

2-3 leaves per fascicle, 2 vascular bundles per leaf

Yellow pine

5 leaves per fascicle, 1 vascular bundle per leaf

White

Which genus in the pine family has leaves on pegs, angular leaf cross sections, feathery cones, cones every year, no umbo, and a broad scale base?

Spruce, picea

Which genus in the pine family has leaf bases like suction cups, cylindrical cones, cones every year, no umbo, and a narrow scale base?

Fir, Abies

Which genus in the cypress family is deciduous, with flat rows of needles and globe-like cones?

Cypress/taxodium

Which genus in the Cypress family has flattened, scale like leaves, berry-like cones, and fibrous bark?

Junipers/juniperus

A

rachis

B

sori

C

pinna

D

frond

E

stipe

F

rhizome

In a bi- or tripinnate fern frond, the smallest division of the frond is referred to as a:

pinnule

A

sporangium

B

sorus

C

spores

D

indusium

All plants exhibit ______ of generations

Alternation