AP Chemistry: UNIT 5 THERMOCHEM

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Energy

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21 Terms

1

Energy

The ability to do work or produce heat.

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2

Joules

The unit of measurement for energy.

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3

Law of Conservation of Energy

Energy can be converted from one form to another but can be neither created nor destroyed.

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4

Potential Energy (PE)

Energy due to position or composition; stored energy.

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5

Kinetic Energy (KE)

Energy due to the motion of an object; calculated using the formula KE = ½ mv².

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6

Heat Transfer

The transfer of energy between two objects due to a temperature difference.

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7

Work

The product of force acting over a distance; defined as work = force x distance.

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8

System

The part of the universe on which one wishes to focus attention.

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9

Open System

A system that can exchange mass and energy with its surroundings.

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10

Closed System

A system that allows transfer of energy (heat) but not mass.

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11

Isolated System

A system that does not allow the transfer of mass or energy.

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12

Exothermic Reaction

A reaction that results in the evolution of heat, where energy flows out of the system.

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13

Endothermic Reaction

A reaction that results in absorption of energy from the surroundings; heat flows into the system.

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14

Thermodynamics

The study of energy and its interconversions.

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15

First Law of Thermodynamics

Energy of the universe is constant; energy cannot be created or destroyed.

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16

Enthalpy (ΔH)

The heat content of a system that is defined as H=E+PV.

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17

Calorimetry

The science of measuring heat associated with a chemical reaction.

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18

Bomb Calorimeter

A device used in constant-volume calorimetry to measure energy in reactions.

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19

Hess's Law

The total enthalpy change for a reaction is the same regardless of whether it occurs in one step or multiple steps.

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20

Standard Enthalpy of Formation (ΔHf°)

Change in enthalpy when one mole of a compound forms from its elements in their standard states.

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21

Standard State

The precise reference state for a substance, typically at 1 atm and 25°C.

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