Studied by 2 people
mercantilism
policies aimed at guaranteeing prosperity to a nation
makes the country as economically self-sufficient as possible
eliminates dependence on foreign suppliers
damages foreign competitors’ commercial interests
selling more than buying abroad
practiced by britain, france, and spain
“the wealth of the world is finite“
the economic motivation for England settling North America
joint stock company
a company whose stock is owned jointly by the shareholders
made english colonization successful
british government awards pieces of land to stockholders, the system favors english politicians
landowners called “proprietors“
in charge of peopling, governing, and defending their colony
ex: Massachusetts-Bay company, Virginia company
charter
a written grant by a country’s government
founds a body such as a colony, company, city, etc
defines rights and privileges
usually given by the British as permission to colonize a new area
jamestown, virginia
the first permanent english settlement
founded in 1607 by the London company
served as the colonial capital from 1616-1699
had the starving time
“starving time“
the winter of 1609-1610 in jamestown
disease, drought, bad harvest, harsh winter, bad water
left ~75% of colonists dead, only 61 remained
in 1634, maryland was the first colony not to have a starving time, due to their study of early virginia history
jamestown women
came to the colonies to provide a sense of stability and to help make a home
sometimes only sent to help create families
roanoke, virginia
the first english settlement in America
founded by Sir Walter Raleigh in 1585
named for the roanoke river
the colonists had disappeared under unknown circumstances when a ship visited the colony
they only left a tree that said Croatoan
found by john white in 1590
purposes:
harassing spanish shipping
mining for gold/ silver
discovering a passage to the pacific ocean
christening the indians
john smith
english soldier, 28 years old when he became governor of virginia
organized everyone into work gangs
ensured sufficient food/ housing for winter
maintained sanitation/ hygiene
the colony’s diplomat to the Powhatan tribe
they liked him so much that they did a ceremony where he was “saved” by Pocahontas
john rolfe
an englishman and tobacco planter
married Pocahontas aafter the first Anglo-Powhatan war (from 1610-1614)
spent several years adapting tobacco to virginia’s conditions
eventually became virginia’s salvation
headright system
awarded a 50-acre reward for every person (“head“) to whoever paid for the person to enter passage
incentivized young people to move to america
started in virginia, moved to middle new england
tidewater
the preferred land of southern settlers
on the coast of virginia
first to be occupied by settlers
“fall line“ separated tidewater from piedmont
piedmont
land formation, a gentle slope leading from the base of mountains to a region of flat land
stretches along the eastern slope of the appalachians
by 1750, 1/3 of all colonists lived in the piedmont
“fall line“ separated piedmont from tidewater
staple crops
tobacco, rice, cotton, indigo
the new world’s main exports and survival staples
grown in large quantities for food and export
crop rotation
discovered by native americans
allows fields to be unplanted for a while
this restores nutrients
colonists didn’t do this because they didn’t have enough land and didn’t want to use indian methods
then they were disappointed when their fields were only prolific for a few years
indentured servants
people who made an agreement for long-term work
helped people gain passage to america, pay off debt, or escape poverty
most male immigrants were indentured servants
1/3 of german immigrants indentured themselves or their children to help pay for the voyage
african slaves
between 1810 and 1860, over 3.5 million slaves were shipped to the americas
in the 1820s alone, 850,000 were shipped.
sir john colleton
1608-1666
one of the 8 proprietors of south carolina
anthony ashley-cooper
british philanthropist
one of the founders of georgia
owner of a large plantation in Barbados
proposed advancing settlement in the Carolina region
charter of carolina
march 24, 1663
marked the official beginning of the province of carolina
gave carolina to 8 men, “the lord’s proprietors“
albemarle sound, cape fear, port royal
the 3 first major settlements in the carolinas
by the early 1600s, a group of colonists had already settled at cape fear
oyster point
while albemarle point was being settled, oyster poine was made at the end of the peninsula
settled in early 1600s
built with potential to be a port
by 1683 had been renamed Charles Town, later Charleston
james oglethorpe
planner/ founder of savannah
governor of georgia
also british member of parliament and philanthropist
hoped to resettle britain’s “worthy poor“ in georgia, focusing on debt inmates
savannah, georgia
established 1733
the oldest city in georgia
british colonial capital of georgia
the first state capital
america’s first planned city
established by james oglethorpe
protestant reformation
religious movement that began in 1500s
brought an end to medieval christianity in western europe
clergy abuse had people criticizing the catholic church
martin luther
church of england
anglicans
often considered “reformed catholics“
dont have a central authority
predestination (calvinism)
john calvin’s belief that an omnipotent God predestined most sinful humans to hell, saving only a few
in order to demonstrate his power and grace
the few saved people were called the “elect“ or “godly“
john calvin (1509-1564) was a french theologian and protestant reformer
pilgrims aka separatists
another name for the colonists
102 people traveled in the mayflower to plymouth
arrived in november 1620
half the pilgrims died within 4 months of landing
squanto and samoset taught them to farm
mayflower compact
the mayflower expedition’s leaders had all adult males sign before they arrived in America
declared that they constituted themselves a government under english rule
established the colony of new plymouth
william bradford
leader of the plymouth colony (massachusetts)
wrote the book “of plymouth plantation“
a journal written over a period of years
the best account of the pilgrims’ early years
puritans
a group of calvinists who wanted to split away from “catholic abuses“
salvation by predestination
membership in a church is reserved for converted christians
went against catholic/ anglican churches
severe self-discipline and moral uprightness
congregational church
governed by congregation
instead of having a leader or elders, they avoid any kind of hierarchy
pilgrims and sometimes baptists ?
massachusetts bay colony
the largest english settlement in new england
lasted 1628-1691
the most influential colony in the region
settled by puritans under John Winthrop
now boston and salem massachusetts
great puritan migration
migration of puritans to the new england colonies
starting with plymouth and massachusetts bay
came in family groups
motivated by religious freedom
john winthrop
governor of the massachusetts bay colony
previously an english puritan lawyer
led the first wave of colonists in 1630
advocated for the mayflower compact
roger williams
founded providence plantations, later rhode island
english puritan minister, theologian, and author
controversial because he clashed with puritan fathers
put on trial for speaking his mind
justification vs sanctification
justification
happens outside of you
youre declared righteous
one-time event
God decides it
anne hutchinson
sanctification
happens inside of you
youre made righteous
works-based
a continual process
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Flashcard (24)