envi sci quiz 1

highly developed countries (HDCs)

more $$, more energy production + usage, more industrialization, less agriculture, service industry dominates, more international trade, more urbanization, more technology

IPAT model

________= looking at whole populations environmental impact.

moderately developed countries (MDCs)

somewhere between HDCs/LDCs

less developed countries (LDCs)

less $$, less energy production + usage, less industrialization, more agriculture, production of goods dominates, less international trade, less urbanization, less technology

overpopulation

“too many” people (tends to be in LDCs)

overconsumption

people using “too many” resources (tends to be in HDCs)

potentially renewable

resources that replenish naturally in a reasonable amount of time for humans (clean water, clean air, soil, living things)

nonrenewable

resources that don’t replenish naturally or take too long to do so (fossil fuels, metals like aluminum, uranium, etc.)

perpetual

resources that are always available (sunlight, tides (controlled by moon), wind + waves (controlled by sun))

ecological footprint

how our resource use + waste production affect land (how much land is needed to provide resources + absorb/deal with waste) (could be per person, for country/region, for whole world)

IPAT model

looking at whole population’s environmental impact (I = P x A x T)

I in IPAT

environmental impact

P in IPAT

population size

A in IPAT

affluence (resources consumed per person)

T in IPAT

technology (environmental impacts could be good or bad)

environmental sustainability

ability to meet current needs without compromising ability to meet future needs

Tragedy of the Commons

people don’t take good care of a common resource because they prioritize their own short-term interests (environmentally: land, water, etc.)

sustainable development

economic progress that considers environmental impact (is sustainable)

true sustainability

a compromise between environmental issues, economic issues, and social issues

preservation

belief in not using or minimally using natural land, keeping it pristine

conservation

belief in using natural land carefully so humans can keep using it

frontier ethic

earth has unlimited resources (or we can replace them) for human use

environmental ethic

resources can run out, humans just part of nature

anthropocentric

human-centered (humans are #1)

biocentric

all life centered (all life equal)

utilitarian value of nature

nature is useful to humans

intrinsic value of nature

nature for nature’s sake

environmental justice

every person has right to protection from environmental hazards + to participate in decisions about environmental laws, protection, development, etc.

precautionary principle

if there is a potential threat to human health or environment, something must be done to correct it or stop/prevent it, even if cause + effect not fully understood or supported

True sustainability

________ is a compromise between 3 things:

Poverty affects people + how they interact w/ environment

gap between rich + poor countries

ex

clean water, clean air, soil, living things

ex

fossil fuels, metals (aluminum, uranium, etc.)

ex

sunlight, tides (controlled by moon), wind + waves (controlled by sun)

T

it depends

Environmentally

land, water, air, etc

environmental worldviews

on spectrums

frontier ethic

earth has unlimited resources (or we can replace them) for human use

environmental ethic

resources can run out, humans just part of nature

anthropocentric

human-centered (humans are 1)

biocentric

all life centered (all life equal)

utilitarian

nature is useful to humans

intrinsic value of nature

nature for natures sake