Academic Unit 2 Flash Cards (Complete Set)

Active Transport

This type of transport moves materials
against, or up, the concentration gradient.

Electron Microscopes

Which type of microscope can only view
nonliving objects?

Nucleolus

This structure is in the nucleus and creates
ribosomes.

Mitochondria

This energy-producing organelle is found in
both plant and animal cells.

Passive Transport

This type of transport moves materials
with, or down, the concentration gradient.

Compound Light Microscopes

Which type of microscope must be used in
order to look at living cells?

Ribosomes

Proteins are created by this organelle
either on the RER or free-floating in the
cytoplasm.

Hypotonic

An animal cell is placed in a solution that
causes the cell to swell. Is the solution
hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic?

Isotonic

A cell containing 20% salt is placed in a
solution containing the same concentration
of salt. Is the solution hypertonic,
hypotonic or isotonic?

Hypertonic

An animal cell is placed in a solution. After
some time, shrivels up. Is the solution
hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic?

Hypertonic

A plant cell is placed in a solution and the
cell shrivels up. Is the solution hypertonic,
hypotonic or isotonic?

Hypertonic

A cell containing 10% salt is put in a
solution of 60% salt. Is the solution
hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic?

It will swell, but not burst due to the cell
wall.

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic
solution. Will it swell and burst, swell and
NOT burst, or shrivel up?

Hypotonic

An animal cell is placed in a solution. After
some time, the cell swells and bursts. Is
the solution hypertonic, hypotonic or
isotonic?

Yes. Water will move in both directions at
the same rate

Does water still cross the membrane when
the solution and the cell are at
equilibrium?

The nuclear envelope (or membrane)

The outer layer of the nucleus. Covered in
pores.

Nucleolus

Structure within the nucleus that makes
ribosomes.

Lysosome

Small vesicle that contains digestive
enzymes to break down wastes

Chloroplasts

Organelle that contains the pigment
chlorophyll

The nucleus

This is the control center of the cell.

Nuclear Pores

Small openings in the nuclear membrane
that allow materials to pass through.

Ribosome

Organelle where proteins are assembled.

Peroxisomes

Vesicle that contains enzymes like catalase

Osmosis

The diffusion of water across a membrane

Mitochondria

This organelle produces energy for the cell.

Outside

Is the cell wall found inside or outside of
the cell membrane?

Chromatin

This is what we call the genetic material
when the cell is not dividing.

The fluid mosaic model

This model of the cell membrane is used to
describe its ability to move and that it is
made up of many different components

Golgi body

This organelle packages up proteins and
prepares them to be shipped out of the
cell.

Cell wall

This rigid structure is found only in plant
cells.

Centrioles

This is what we call the genetic material
when the cell is not dividing.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

This structure is coated in ribosomes

Passive Transport

Of the two main types of transport, this
does not require energy.

Cytoplasm

This material exists between the cell
membrane and the nuclear membrane. It
contains the organelles.

Flagella

A long whip-like tail that some cells use as
a way to move.

Vacuole

This vesicle stores substances like water

Lipid Bilayer

The cell membrane is also known as the...

Active Transport

Of the two main types of transport, this
does require energy.

Cilia

Small hair-like proteins covering the
outside of some cells.

Equilibrium

This state is the goal of processes like
osmosis and diffusion

Diffusion

This is a passive type of transport where
substances travel across the cell
membrane.

Prokaryote

This type of cell lacks true organelles.

Organelles

Specialized structures found in eukaryotic
cells.

Facilitated Diffusion

This process uses protein channels to move
materials passively

Cytoskeleton

This is made up of microtubules and
microfilaments.

Prokaryote

This type of cell does not have its DNA in a
nucleus.

Eukaryote

This type of cell tends to be complex and
contains specialized organelles.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

This organelle produces lipids and
carbohydrates.

Endocytosis

This type of active transport brings very
large substances into the cell.

Cell Wall, Chloroplasts, and a Large Vacuole

Three things that plant cells have that
animal cells lack are...

Lysosome

This vesicle contains digestive enzymes.

Molecular Transport

This type of active transport uses protein
pumps to move large materials through the
cell membrane.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Both types of this organelle are
passageways through the cell.

Exocytosis

This type of active transport releases very
large substances from the cell.

Golgi Body (or Golgi Apparatus)

This organelle takes proteins produced by
the cell, modifies them and then packages
them in a vesicle.