chapter 6 med term

cholescintigraphy

HIDA scan

Aphthous stomatitis

A recurring condition characterized by small erosions (ulcers), which appear on the mucous membranes of the mouth

FOBT

fecal occult blood test- screening used to find tiny traces of blood in the stool (poop).

Periodontal disease

Pathologic condition of the tissues surrounding the teeth

abdominocentesis

Therapeutic or diagnostic aspiration of fluid from the abdominal cavity by means of surgical puncture with a needle or other hollow instrument

Liver function tests

Tests used to determine the presence of enzymes and bilirubin in the blood

Gallbladder

The pear-shaped excretory sac located on the visceral surface of the right lobe of the liver

Jejunum

The portion of the small intestine extending from the duodenum to the ileum

cholangi.o

Bile vessel

-rrhage, -rrhagia

Bursting forth (of blood)

labi.o

lip

celi.o

belly, abdomen

Cirrhosis

Chronic degenerative liver disease characterized by fibrous tissue growth on the lobes, degeneration of the parenchyma, and infiltration of the lobules by fats

Flatus

Air or gas in the intestinal tract, or air or gas expelled through the rectum

Crohn disease

A chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unknown origin that usually affects the ileum, colon, or other parts of the gastrointestinal tract

Achalasia

An impairment of esophageal peristalsis and the lower esophageal sphincter's ability to relax

Periodontal disease

Pathologic condition of the tissues surrounding the teeth

Volvulus

An obstruction in the intestine caused by a twisting and knotting of the bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease

Ulceration of the lining of the intestine, characterized by bleeding and diarrhea

Lower gastrointestinal series

A series of radiographs taken of the large intestine after an injection of the contrast medium barium

Liver function tests

Tests used to determine the presence of enzymes and bilirubin in the blood

Abdominocentesis

Therapeutic or diagnostic aspiration of fluid from the abdominal cavity by means of surgical puncture with a needle or other hollow instrument.

Upper gastrointestinal series

Fluoroscopic or radiographic diagnostic views of the upper gastrointestinal tract taken after ingestion of barium sulfate

The suffix -stenosis means:

Narrowing or tightening

Dys_____ means difficult digestion.

pepsia

Cholangi_____ is the dilation of the bile ducts.

ectasis

Patients who vomit blood exhibit hemat_____.

emesis

A patient with a prolapse of the rectum has a disorder termed:

Proctoptosis

The disease caused the breakdown, or _____, of liver cells.

lysis

As a result of her acute episode of pancreatitis, Mrs. Dunlap was unable to absorb fat (lipids) properly. This malabsorption, resulting in a flow or discharge of fat, is called steato_____.

rrhea

Antonio was born with a cleft palate. It was repaired by the surgical procedure called _____plasty.

palato

Mrs. Zimmer was had a cholecystectomy to remover her:

Gallbladder

The term that means difficulty swallowing is:

Dysphagia

The suffix -spasm means:

Involuntary contraction of muscle

The surgical repair of the roof of the mouth is:

palatoplasty

A burst of bleeding somewhere in the body would be called:

hemorrhage

An involuntary muscle contraction of sudden onset is:

spasm

The medical term for prolapse of the anus is:

proctoptosis

Surgical removal of part of the gums is called _____ectomy.

gingiv

The surgical creation of a new opening between the stomach and the second part of the small intestines is termed:

Gastrojejunostomy

A stool ______ is a colon cancer screening test that detects occult blood in the stool.

guaiac

Mr. Randolph is jaundiced. His physician orders a liver function test called:

Serum bilirubin

Which radiographic imaging procedure produces cross-sectional images of internal organs like the liver?

Computed tomography

Cholangiography is the radiographic examination of the:

Biliary system

A barium enema is used with:

A lower gastrointestinal series

The use of an endoscope combined with ultrasound to examine the lining of the gastrointestinal tract is called:

Endoscopic ultrasonography

Removal of liver tissue for the purpose of analysis under a microscope is (a):

Liver biopsy

The medical term for the endoscopic visual examination of the abdomen is:

Laparoscopy

A screening procedure that allows physicians to examine the entire length of the colon over the course of several minutes:

Virtual colonoscopy

Reducing the size of the stomach and diverting food to the jejunum describes a procedure called:

Gastric bypass

___________ uses magnetic waves to produce images of organs and tissues in all three planes of the body.

Magnetic resonance imaging

The visual examination of the mucosal lining of the length of the large intestine is a:

Colonoscopy

A diagnostic radiologic imaging study of the bile and pancreatic ducts in which contrast medium is injected via a catheter tube through the mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and then into the bile ducts is called endoscopic retrograde _____________________.

cholangiopancreatography

The blood levels of ALT, which is the abbreviation for ___________, and AST, which is the abbreviation for ___________, are elevated when liver cells are damaged.

alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase

Tests such as the measurement of ALT, AST, and serum bilirubin are known collectively as:

LFTs

BE is the abbreviation for:

barium enema

GERD is the abbreviation for:

gastroesophageal reflux disease (heartburn)

HBV is the abbreviation for

hepatitis B virus

NG is the abbreviation for:

nasogastric tube

PUD is the abbreviation for:

peptic ulcer disease

The abbreviation for bright red blood per rectum is:

BRBPR

The abbreviation that indicates a patient may have "nothing by mouth" is:

NPO

Mr. Golitz was admitted to the hospital with GI bleeding. BRBPR was noted on the medical record. Another term for BRBPR is:

Hematochezia

Which abbreviation means a patient gets all nutrition intravenously?

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)

What is the abbreviation indicates a general condition of the intestines?

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

What is the abbreviation for the radiographic procedure that produces a series of cross-sectional imagenes?

CT (Computed Tomography)

GB stands for:

Gallbladder

What is the abbreviation for the tube inserted through the abdominal wall to introduce nutrients into the stomach?

G Tube

PEG tube is short for _________ tube.

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

The abbreviation BM means:

Bowel movement

bucc/o

cheek(CF)

cec/o

cecum(CF)

celi/o

belly(abdomen)(CF)

cheil/o

lip(CF)

chol/e

gall(bile)(CF)

cholangi/o

bile vessel(CF)

cholecyst/o

gallbladder(CF)

choledoch/o

common bile duct(CF)

col/o(colon/o)

colon(CF)

dent/i

tooth(CF)

duoden/o

duodenum(CF)

enter/o

intestines(CF)

gastr/o

stomach(CF)

gingiv/o

gum(CF)

gloss/o

tongue(CF)

gluc/o

glucose(sugar)(CF)

glyc/o

sugar(glucose)(CF)

hepat/o

liver(CF)

heni/o

hernia(CF)

ile/o

ileum(CF)

jejun/o

jejunum(CF)

labi/o

lip(CF)

lingu/o

tongue(CF)

lip/o

fat(type of lipid)(CF)

lith/o

stone(calculus)(CF)

odont/o

tooth(CF)

or/o

mouth(CF)

palat/o

palate(roof of mouth)(CF)

pancreat/o

pancreas(CF)

proct/o

anus and rectum(CF)