Life Cycle of Organisms : Mushrooms

Mushroom

The saprophytic organism that obtains it food from dead or decaying matter.

Features of Mushrooms

• its body is thallus

• it is multicellular

• it is saprophytic

• it reproduces from spores

• it is commonly developed in rainy season

• it does not have chlorophyll

• its body is divided into rhizoids, stipe, head.

Singnificances of Mushroom

1. Nutritional Values

2. Medicinal Values

3. Economic Values

Nutritional Values

• it contains vitamin C, folic acid, riboflavin, niacin and thiamine that helps in the metabolic processes , immunity system of the body and management of differeent diseases

• it contains minerals ike compounds of copper, zinc, and magnesium that help in the protection and promotion of healtg

• it contains firbres that help in digestion and excretion in the body

• it also contains proteins that help in the mental and physical development

Medicinal Values

• it reduces bad cholestrol and increases good cholestrol whish heps manage high blood pressures and heart problems

• it helps to prevent ovarian cancer, testicular cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer

• it contains less amount of starch whish is beneficial for diabetes patients

• it contains a lot of vitamins, minreals which help regulate immunity ad molecular processes

• it contains fibres which are essentialfor proper digestion and maintenence of healthy organs

Economic Values

• high price of mushroom in the competetive market due its nutritional and medicinal values

Edible Mushrooms

1. Agaricus campestris

2. Agaricus bioporus

3. Agaricus brunnescen

4. Pleurotus astretus

Poisonous Mushrooms

1. Amanita phalloides

2. Amanita verna

3. Agaricus silvicola

4. Amanita bisporigera

5. Destroying angel

Identification of Poisonous Mushrooms

• black or brown in colour

• the part of mushrromlying above soil has scales, warts or off-white colours

• head looks like a large umbrella

• sac-like structures around the base

• ring shaped annulus

• stipeof mushrroms has white gills

Effects of Poisonous Mushrooms

• gastrititis

• paralysis

• dirrhoea and vomiting

• effect to central nervous syatem

• indigestion, constepation

• sudden death

Mycelium

It is the vegetative part of a mushroom which contains long thread-like structures called hyphae that lies uder the surface.

Hyphae

It is the long filamentous structure attached to the substratum and absorbs essential nutrients and water frm the soil.

Primary Mycelium and Secondary Myceluim

• primary myceluim is the vegetative part which is uninucleate

• it is developed after on basidiocarp after meiosis cell division

• unbranched

• also known as monokariyon

---

• seconadary mycelium is binucleate

• it is formed from the fusion of two mycelia having opposite strains

• branched

• also known as bikaryon

Basidiocarp / Fruiting Body

The part ofmushroom that lies above the soil that contains pileus and stipe.

Pileus

the part that is shaped like an umbrella contianing giils.

Stipe

the fleshy stalk that is compaable to a stem of a plant.

Gills

it is located inside the pileus which contains two types of shells, paraphyses and basidia.

Trama

it is the inner part of mushroom gills, the mass of elongated hyphae

Sub-hymenium

the part of gills ying between trama and hymenium which has short branches

Hymenium

the outermost part of gills containing two types of shells, basidia and paraphyses