Post World War 1

First part

Wilson’s 14 Points

• A 1918 peace program intended to prevent future wars through free trade and open diplomacy.

• Proposed the creation of the League of Nations.

Demilitarization

• The reduction or removal of all military forces and weapons from a specific area.

• Specifically applied to Germany’s Rhineland after WWI.

War Reparations

• Compensation (money or goods) paid by a defeated nation to the victors for war damages.

• Germany was ordered to pay 132 billion gold marks under the Treaty of Versailles.

War Guilt Clause

• Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles stating that Germany accepted responsibility for causing World War I.

• Used as the legal basis for demanding reparations from Germany.

Self-determination

• The principle that nations or ethnic groups have the right to choose their own government and political independence.

• Strongly supported by Woodrow Wilson after World War I.

Dawes Plan

• A 1924 plan led by American banker Charles G. Dawes to restructure Germany’s war reparations payments.

• Provided U.S. loans to stabilize the German economy and ease payments to the Allies.

Kellogg–Briand Pact

• A 1928 international agreement in which many countries promised not to use war as a means of solving disputes.

• Sponsored by Frank B. Kellogg of the U.S. and Aristide Briand of France.

Munich Beer Hall Putsch

• A failed 1923 coup attempt by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party to seize power in Munich, Germany.

• Hitler was arrested and imprisoned afterward.

Weimar Republic

• The democratic government that ruled Germany from 1919 to 1933 after World War I.

• Faced political instability, economic crises, and the eventual rise of the Nazis.

Treaty of Locarno

• A series of agreements signed in 1925 between Germany, France, Belgium, Britain, and Italy.

• Guaranteed Germany’s western borders and aimed to improve relations and maintain peace in Europe.