Chapter 3 Notes exam

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19 Terms

1
What is the main function of carbohydrates?
To supply the body with energy.
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2
What is glucose?
The most basic unit of all carbohydrates.
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3
What is lactase?
The primary carbohydrate found in milk.
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4
What is sucrose?
Commonly referred to as white sugar.
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5
What is glycogen?
The storage form of glucose in the body.
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6
What role do bacterial enzymes in the gut play?
They are responsible for digestion with some types of fiber in the GI tract.
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7
What are the components of insoluble fiber?
Cellulose and hemicelluloses.
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8
What are the components of soluble fiber?
Pectins, gums, mucilages, and some hemicellulose.
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9
What is the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) for carbohydrates?
45-65% of total daily calories.
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10
How much energy do carbohydrates provide per gram?
4 calories.
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11
What does glucagon do?
Stimulates the liver to break down glycogen to raise blood sugar levels.
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12
What does insulin do?
Stimulates glucose uptake to lower blood sugar levels.
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13
Where can glycogen be stored?
In the liver and muscle tissues.
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14
What is the recommended limit for added sugars as part of total energy intake?
No more than 10% of total energy, with greater benefits expected from less than 5%.
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15
What is a nutritive sweetener?
A sweetener that provides some energy when consumed.
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16
What are non-nutritive sweeteners?
Sweeteners that do not provide energy.
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17
What does glycemic load take into account?
The glycemic index and the serving size of carbohydrates.
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18
What is the glycemic index?
A measure of the effect foods may have on blood sugar levels.
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19
Who should focus on glycemic index?
People with diabetes.
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