Chapter 3 Notes exam

What is the main function of carbohydrates?

To supply the body with energy.

What is glucose?

The most basic unit of all carbohydrates.

What is lactase?

The primary carbohydrate found in milk.

What is sucrose?

Commonly referred to as white sugar.

What is glycogen?

The storage form of glucose in the body.

What role do bacterial enzymes in the gut play?

They are responsible for digestion with some types of fiber in the GI tract.

What are the components of insoluble fiber?

Cellulose and hemicelluloses.

What are the components of soluble fiber?

Pectins, gums, mucilages, and some hemicellulose.

What is the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) for carbohydrates?

45-65% of total daily calories.

How much energy do carbohydrates provide per gram?

4 calories.

What does glucagon do?

Stimulates the liver to break down glycogen to raise blood sugar levels.

What does insulin do?

Stimulates glucose uptake to lower blood sugar levels.

Where can glycogen be stored?

In the liver and muscle tissues.

What is the recommended limit for added sugars as part of total energy intake?

No more than 10% of total energy, with greater benefits expected from less than 5%.

What is a nutritive sweetener?

A sweetener that provides some energy when consumed.

What are non-nutritive sweeteners?

Sweeteners that do not provide energy.

What does glycemic load take into account?

The glycemic index and the serving size of carbohydrates.

What is the glycemic index?

A measure of the effect foods may have on blood sugar levels.

Who should focus on glycemic index?

People with diabetes.