Chapter 15 3&4

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37 Terms

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Henry George/Progress and Poverty

A journalist who published 'Progress and Poverty' and believed that land belongs to all as a natural resource.

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Lester Frank Ward/Dynamic Sociology

An American sociologist who argued humans can think ahead and make plans to influence future outcomes, differing from Darwinism.

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Edward Bellamy/Looking Backward, 2000-1887

An author of the novel about a perfect society in the year 2000, with no crime, poverty, or politics.

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Naturalism

A philosophy suggesting that some people fail in life due to circumstances beyond their control, emphasizing the role of environment.

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Social Gospel Movement

A movement to improve living conditions in urban areas guided by biblical ideals of charity and justice.

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Washington Gladden

A minister from Columbus, Ohio, who applied 'Christian law' to social problems.

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Walter Rauschenbusch

A Baptist minister who dedicated years to serving in a poor New York neighborhood.

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William Booth/Salvation Army

The founder of this social welfare organization aimed at helping the needy through practical aid and religious counseling.

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YMCA

Young Men's Christian Association, which aimed to assist industrial workers and the urban poor.

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Dwight L. Moody/Revivalism

President of the Chicago YMCA and organizer of religious revivals to bring people back to church.

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Jane Addams/Hull House

A reformer who established Hull House to improve living conditions for the poor.

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Settlement Houses

Establishments where middle-class residents lived with and helped poor residents, often immigrants.

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Lillian Wald/Henry Street Settlement

A reformer who provided medical care, recreation, and various services to immigrants and factory workers.

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Americanization

The process of assimilating immigrants into American culture through education.

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Booker T. Washington/Tuskegee Institute

An influential educator and reformer who promoted vocational training for African Americans.

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Morrill Land Grant Act

An act providing federal land grants to states to establish agricultural and mechanical colleges.

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Vassar, Wellesley, Smith

Private women's colleges established during the late 19th century.

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Gilded Age

A term for the era in American history from 1870 to 1900 characterized by rapid economic growth and social issues.

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Individualism

The belief that anyone can rise in society regardless of humble beginnings.

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Edward Atkinson

A wealthy cotton manufacturer who encouraged his employees that they could rise to prosperity.

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Horatio Alger

An author known for his 'rags-to-riches' stories promoting individualism.

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Social Darwinism

The theory that applies the concept of 'survival of the fittest' to social and economic phenomena.

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John Fiske

A historian who popularized the idea of Social Darwinism in American thought.

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William Graham Sumner

A political scientist known for promoting Social Darwinism.

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Charles Darwin/On the Origin of Species

The scientist whose work introduced the theory of natural selection.

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Philanthropy

The act of using wealth to promote social progress and improve society.

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Realism

A movement in art and literature that aims to portray everyday life accurately without idealization.

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Thomas Eakins

An artist associated with the realism movement.

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William Dean Howells

A writer known for realistic descriptions of American life.

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Samuel Clemens/Mark Twain

An author who created realistic stories like 'The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn'.

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Edith Wharton

A Pulitzer Prize-winning author who wrote about the lives of upper-class society.

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Saloon

A community center for male workers offering free newspapers and social space.

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Coney Island

An amusement park in New York that became a popular recreational destination.

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James Naismith

The creator of basketball, originally from Canada.

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Vaudeville

A variety entertainment featuring different acts, popular in the late 19th century.

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Ragtime

A lively music genre that emerged in the late 19th century.

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Scott Joplin

A famous African American composer known for his ragtime music.