AP World 18.4

Absolute Monarchy

Concept of government developed during rise of nation-states in western Europe during the 17th century; featured monarchs who passed laws without parliaments, appointed professionalized armies and bureaucracies, established state churches, imposed state economic policies; exemplified by the reign of Louis XIV in France.

Parliamentary Monarchy

Originated in England and Holland, 17th century, with monarchs partially checked by significant legislative powers in parliaments. 

Nation-State

Became increasingly significant political entity between 1600-1750, defined by a shared common culture and language among its people, which fosters loyalty to the state.

Mercantilism

An economic theory prevalent in the 16th to 18th centuries that emphasized government regulation of the economy to enhance state power, notably through maintaining a favorable balance of trade.

Glorious Revolution

English overthrow of James II in 1688; resulted in affirmation of parliament as having basic sovereignty over the king. 

Louis XIV

French monarch of the late 17th century who personified absolute monarchy; stated 'I am the state.'

John Locke

A 17th-century philosopher who argued that governmental power derives from the consent of the governed and promoted ideas of liberty and rights.

Feudal Monarchy

A system of governance characterized by the shared power between the king and the nobles, prevalent before the rise of absolute monarchies.