iran

Iranian Political System

Combines unelected religious oversight with elected institutions, creating asymmetrical power.

Supreme Leader

The most powerful office in Iran, chosen for life by the Assembly of Experts, controlling the military, judiciary, state media, and key clerics.

Guardian Council

A body of 12 members that vets candidates for political office and reviews legislation for compatibility with Islam.

Majles

The elected unicameral legislature of Iran that can pass laws, approve the budget, and summon ministers.

Pahlavi Dynasty

The Iranian royal family from 1925 to 1979 that focused on modernization and westernization.

1979 Islamic Revolution

Led to the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran, combining theocracy and republicanism.

Velayat-e Faqih

Khomeini's doctrine advocating that a senior cleric should act as a guardian of the people.

Economic Problems in Iran

Includes inflation, unemployment, sanctions, corruption, and dominance of the IRGC in the economy.

Role of Women in Iran

Includes mandated hijab laws, gender inequality in divorce, but high literacy and university enrollment.

Civil Society Restrictions

Limited civil society with NGOs and activists facing surveillance and repression.

Reformists vs. Conservatives

A political divide in Iran with reformists advocating for civil rights and conservatives emphasizing religious authority.

Contemporary Challenges in Iran

Includes legitimacy crises, social tensions, environmental problems, and regime stability concerns.

Economic Base of Iran

State-dominated economy heavily reliant on oil revenues.

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini

Leader of the 1979 Islamic Revolution who mobilized a diverse coalition against authoritarianism.