Penny Chapter 26: Fetal Spine and Musculoskeletal System Review Questions

what is the maternal dietary supplement that has been shown to significantly reduce the likelihood of the fetus suffering from a neural tube defect?

c. folate

talipes equinovarus is associated with

a. clubfoot

the artifact seen posterior to solid structures such as fetal bone is referred to as?

a. acoustic shadowing

what is the anomaly of the spine in which there is absence of all or part of a vertebral body and posterior element?

d. hemivertebra

the disorder associated with fetal amputations is:

d. amniotic band syndrome

the form of inheritance in which at least one parent has to be a carrier of an abnormal gene for it to be passed to the fetus is

!!! b. autosomal dominant

the condition associated with the absence of the sacrum and coccyx

b. caudal regression syndrome

all of the following are characteristics of spina bifida occulta except:

a. closed defect

b. elevated MSAFP

c. sacral dimple

d. hemangioma

!!! b. elevated MSAFP

the abnormal lateral ventricle shape in which there is a small frontal horn and enlarged occipital horn is referred to as:

c. colpocephaly

all of the following are characteristics of spina bifida cystica except:

a. banana sign

b. lemon sign

c. enlarged massa intermedia

d. normal MSAFP

!!! d. normal MSAFP

in VACTERL associated, the letter "C" stands for

d. cardiac

(Vertebral defects, Anal atresia, Cardiac defects, Tracheo-esophageal fistula, Renal anomalies, and Limb abnormalities)

all of the following are associated with spina bifida except:

a. splaying of the laminae

b. enlarged posterior fossa

c. lemon sign

d. banana sign

b. enlarged posterior fossa

the abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is referred to as:

b. scoliosis

the lemon sign denotes

a. an abnormal shape of the fetal skull

all of the following are clinical or sonographic findings consistent with LBWC except:

a. ventral wall defects

b. decreased MSAFP

c. marked scoliosis

d. shortened umbilical cord

b. decreased MSAFP

a disorder that results in abnormal bone growth and dwarfism is

b. achondroplasia

which of the following would increase the likelihood of a fetus developing sirenomelia and caudal regression syndrome?

b. preexisting maternal diabetes

the group of fetal head and brain abnormalities that often coexists with spina bifida is referred to as:

!!! c. arnold-chiari II malformation

in VACTERL associated, the letter "L" stands for:

a. limb

the most common nonlethal skeletal dysplasia is

b. achondroplasia

achondroplasia is associated with all of the following except:

a. frontal bossing

b. flattened nasal bridge

c. trident hand

d. absent mineralization of the skull

d. absent mineralization of the skull

what abnormality results in limitation of the fetal limbs as a result of joint contractures?

!!! d. arthrogryposis

the thalamic tissue located within the third ventricle of the brain that can become enlarged with Arnold-Chiari II malformation is the:

d. massa intermedia

rhizomelia denotes

c. shortening of the proximal segment of a limb

an absent sacrum and coccyx is referred to as

b. caudal regression syndrome

absent long bones with the hands and feet arising from the shoulders and hips describes

!!! c. phocomelia

all of the following are characteristic sonographic findings of achondrogenesis except:

a. micromelia

b. absent mineralization of the pelvis

c. multiple dislocated joints

d. polyhydramnios

c. multiple dislocated joints

upon sonographic interrogation of a 28-week pregnancy, you note that when pressure is applied to the fetal skull, the skull can be easily distorted. this is sonographic evidence of:

d. osterogenesis imperfecta

a bell-shaped chest and multiple fetal fractures are indicative of:

d. osteogenesis imperfecta

all of the following are signs of Arnold-Chiari II malformation except:

a. s-shaped spine

b. banana sign

c. lemon sign

d. colpocephaly

a. s-shaped spine

all of the following are associated with amniotic band syndrome except:

a. amputation of fetal parts

b. anencephaly

c. facial clefting

d. synechiae

d. synechiae

the exaggerated distance between the first toe and the second toe is

b. sandal gap

sirenomelia is commonly referred to as:

c. mermaid syndrome

absence of the radius is referred to as:

c. radial ray defect

sonographically, you visualize a mass extending from the distal spine of a fetus. this mass could be all of the following except:

a. SCT

b. meningocele

c. meningomyelocele

d. phocomeningocele

d. phocomeningocele

a cloverleaf skull and hydrocephalus is seen with:

d. thanatophoric dysplasia

what term is defined as fusion of the digits?

c. syndactyly

a protein produced by the yolk sac and fetal liver that is found in excess in the maternal circulation in the presence of a neural tube defect is

d. AFP

what condition is associated with bilateral renal agenesis, oligohydramnios, and fusion of the lower extremities?

c. sirenomelia

which of the following is true for the diagnosis of clubfoot?

a. the metatarsals and toes lie in the same plane as the tibia and fibula

b. the metatarsals are perpendicular to the tibia and fibula

c. the carpals and metacarpals lie in the same plane as the tibia and fibular

d. the tibia, fibula, and patella are perpendicular to the femur

a. the metatarsals and toes lie in the same plane as the tibia and fibula