Period 4: 1800-1848

Jeffersonian Republicanism

Political philosophy advocating for a small government and an agrarian economy.

Thomas Jefferson

Third President of the United States and a key figure in the founding of the Democratic-Republican Party.

Democrat-Republican

Political party founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, opposing the Federalists.

Small government

Concept emphasizing minimal government intervention in the economy and individual lives.

Agriculture economy (U.S.)

Economic system focused on farming and agricultural production, prevalent in early American society.

Government budget cuts

Jefferson's initiative to reduce federal spending and decrease the national debt.

Slavery in the early 1800s

Institution that remained legal in the U.S., with increasing tensions between the North and South.

Vermont Republic

First state to abolish slavery in 1777, setting a precedent for future abolition movements.

Atlantic slave trade

Abolished in 1807, but slavery continued within the U.S.

Haitian Revolution

Successful slave rebellion that inspired abolition movements and terrified slave owners in the U.S.

First Barbary War

Conflict between the U.S. and Barbary states over piracy and ransom demands, leading to the establishment of the U.S. Navy.

Louisiana Purchase

Acquisition of territory from France in 1803, significantly expanding U.S. land and power.

Marbury v

Landmark Supreme Court case establishing the principle of judicial review.

Lewis & Clark Expeditions

Exploratory mission to map the western territories of the U.S. from 1804 to 1806.

Embargo Act of 1807

Legislation that closed U.S. ports to foreign trade, aiming to avoid war but harming the economy.

War of 1812

Conflict between the U.S. and Britain, driven by issues like impressment and trade restrictions.

Tecumseh’s Confederacy

Native American alliance aimed at resisting U.S. expansion and preserving tribal lands.

Battle of Tippecanoe

Conflict between U.S. forces and Tecumseh's Confederacy, weakening Native American resistance.

Treaty of Ghent

Agreement that ended the War of 1812, restoring pre-war boundaries without territorial gains.

Battle of New Orleans

Major U.S. victory after the Treaty of Ghent was signed, boosting national pride.

Hartford Convention

Meeting of Federalists opposing the War of 1812, leading to the party's decline.

American System

Economic plan proposed by Henry Clay to promote industry and infrastructure development.

Monroe Doctrine

Policy opposing European colonialism in the Americas, asserting U.S. influence in the region.

Era of Good Feelings

Period of national unity and one-party rule following the War of 1812.

Market Revolution

Transformation of the U.S. economy from subsistence farming to commercial production and trade.

Transportation Revolution

Innovations in transportation, including canals and railroads, facilitating trade and movement.

Communication Revolution

Advancements like the telegraph that improved long-distance communication.

Immigration

Increased influx of Irish and German immigrants in the early 1800s, leading to nativist sentiments.

Sectionalism

Growing divide between North and South over economic, social, and political issues, contributing to the Civil War.

Missouri Compromise

Legislative agreement to maintain the balance of free and slave states in the Union.

Andrew Jackson

Seventh President of the U.S., known for his populist policies and controversial actions regarding Native Americans.

Nullification Crisis

Conflict over states' rights and federal authority, particularly regarding tariffs.

Bank War

Jackson's opposition to the National Bank, leading to its eventual demise and economic instability.

Panic of 1837

Economic crisis resulting from speculative lending and lack of a national bank, leading to widespread depression.

Abolitionism

Movement advocating for the end of slavery, gaining momentum in the mid-1800s.

Seneca Falls Convention

First women's rights convention in 1848, advocating for women's suffrage and equality.

Indian Removal Act

Legislation leading to the forced relocation of Native Americans, exemplified by the Trail of Tears.

Cotton Revolution

Shift in the Southern economy towards cotton production, increasing reliance on slavery.

Manifest Destiny

Belief in the U.S. expansion across the continent, justified by a sense of divine mission.

Mexican-American War

Conflict resulting from territorial disputes, leading to significant land gains for the U.S.