Untitled Flashcards Set

What is a normal part of adolescent development according to the notes?

Sex is considered a normal part of adolescent development.

What negative stereotypes exist about adolescent sexual behaviors?

There are various negative stereotypes about adolescent sexual behaviors.

What percentage of adolescents have healthy sexual attitudes?

The majority of adolescents have healthy sexual attitudes.

What factors can impact adolescents' attitudes and sexual behaviors?

Society, culture, politics, religion, media, literature, and the internet.

How is sexual identity defined?

Sexual identity is how one thinks of oneself in terms of romantic and sexual attraction.

What are sexual scripts?

Stereotyped patterns of behaviors for how individuals think they should behave in sexual contexts.

What do double standards in sexual norms imply?

They imply that females have more restrictions while males have more freedom.

What is the primary focus of abstinence-only education programs?

To delay the initiation of sexual intercourse.

What do comprehensive sex education programs emphasize?

Contraceptive knowledge, gender identity, sexual orientation, and consent.

What are the five steps to helping someone as proposed by Darley & Latane?

Notice the event, interpret the situation correctly, take responsibility, know what to do, and decide to help.

What is altruism?

Helping another person without expecting anything in return.

What is the debate surrounding human altruism?

Whether people help others for personal gain or genuinely care without self-interest.

What is the focus of Evolution Theory in relation to altruism?

Altruism is adaptive and may be innate.

At what age do children start showing altruistic behaviors like comforting distressed playmates?

Around 2-3 years of age.

What principle of morality involves experiencing pride or shame?

The ABCs of morality define the affect component.

What is love withdrawal as a form of discipline?

Withholding attention, approval, or affection to create anxiety.

What is the Heinz dilemma designed to illustrate?

The complexity of moral reasoning.

What characterizes preconventional morality according to Lawrence Kohlberg?

Rules are followed to avoid punishment or gain rewards.

What occurs in stage 3 of Kohlberg's moral reasoning?

Individuals start to uphold social norms to be seen as 'good'.

What is the purpose of socialization in children and adolescents?

To develop beliefs, values, and behaviors desired by society.

What are the two types of social control mentioned?

Behavioral control and psychological control.

What is an authoritative parenting style?

Demanding yet responsive; sets reasonable rules and enforces them.

What does toxic stress refer to?

Stress that is harmful and can alter the developing brain.

What are adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)?

Potentially traumatic events that occur during childhood and adolescence.

What is the effect of parental supervision on adolescent behavior?

It helps regulate behaviors and establishes appropriate limits.

What does the term 'attachment parenting' refer to?

A parenting style where the parent is always around and highly responsive.

What does it mean to have permissive parenting?

Submitting to children's desires with few demands or punishment.

What distinguishes lawnmower parents?

Parents who go to great lengths to prevent their child from facing adversity.

What is the style of 'tiger parenting'?

A strict parenting style where children are pushed to meet high expectations.

What is the purpose of the ecological model in studying families?

To understand families as developing and embedded systems.

How does modern parenting differ from traditional views?

Modern parenting includes diverse family structures and dynamics.

What is emotional autonomy in adolescents?

The process of becoming an individual separate from parents.

What can result from psychological control in parenting?

Poor developmental outcomes including antisocial behavior.

How do changes in family structures impact parenting?

They may lead to variations in parenting styles affecting child development.

What do inclusive education programs in sex education focus on?

Ensuring all students, including LGBTQ+ youth, receive accurate information about sexual health.

What is conventional morality as per Kohlberg's theory?

Following rules for social harmony and approval in early adolescence.

What is the nature of the attachment according to the notes?

Secure and insecure attachment styles influence child exploration.

What are the direct and indirect effects within family systems?

Direct effects involve pairs of family members affecting each other, while indirect effects involve third parties impacting the pair.

What can influence adolescents to engage in prosocial behavior?

Positive peer pressure and approval from peers.

What does the term 'supervision' entail in parenting?

Monitoring children's behaviors to ensure they are making safe choices.