Thermodynamics: Spontaneity

+ ΔS (system), + ΔS (surroundings), + ΔS (universe)

Spontaneous

- ΔS (system), - ΔS (surroundings), - ΔS (universe)

Non-spontaneous (rxn will occur in opposite direction)

+ ΔS (system), - ΔS (surroundings)

Only spont. if ΔS (sys) has a larger magnitude than ΔS (surr)

- ΔS (system), + ΔS (surroundings)

Only spont. if ΔS (sys) has a smaller magnitude than ΔS (surr)

+ ΔH, - ΔS, + TΔS, + ΔG

Non-spontaneous

- ΔH, + ΔS, - TΔS, - ΔG

Spontaneous

- ΔH, - ΔS, + TΔS, +/- ΔG

Spont. at low temps, nonspont. at high temps

+ ΔH, + ΔS, -TΔS, +/- ΔG

Spont. at high temps, nonspont. at low temps