Warfare (Prehistoric Era to 600 CE)

Elephants

Elephants

________ were first used in combat in India.

Alexander the Great

________ first witnessed the war elephant in India.

Asian nomads

The development of the stirrup by ________ around 300 BCE was the next step after cavalry started to play a significant role in warfare.

donkey-driven

In Sumer (3000 BCE), _____ chariots were known to have been used.

concept of knights

The ________ in shining armor "engaged in heated battle is a Middle Ages fantasy, as iron was plainly too heavy and useful for substantial use.

time of Alexander

In the ________ the Great, an entire company of soldiers would advance into battle while shields were linked together to form a moving wall- an arrangement called a phalanx.

protection of foot

In Sumer (2500 BCE), the use of the shield led to advancements in the ________ soldiers.

century BCE

In 14th ________, the Achaeans and others explored the sea.

Iron Age

The raiding Hittites brought about the beginning of the ________ by replacing bronze weapons with iron ones.

In the time of Alexander the Great, an entire company of soldiers would advance into battle while shields were linked together to form a moving wall

an arrangement called a phalanx

horseback

Without resistance, the Indo-European Hittites (1400 BCE) entered Sumerian territory on ____ in chariots.

metal horseshoes

At around the same time, the wandering Huns nailed ____ to the hooves of their livestock.

shield

In Sumer (2500 BCE), the use of the ____ led to advancements in the protection of foot soldiers.

phalanx

In the time of Alexander the Great, an entire company of soldiers would advance into battle while shields were linked together to form a moving wall — an arrangement called a _____.

Chinese

By 250 BCE, The ____ had created metal plate body armor.

Middle Ages

The concept of "knights in shining armor" engaged in heated battle is a _____ fantasy, as iron was plainly too heavy and useful for substantial use.

Parthians

Around 250 CE, the ____ asserted that their horses, which were strong enough to carry their warriors wearing full armor, ate Iranian mountain alfalfa.

iron

By 1000 BCE, ____ was widely used for weapons throughout the Mediterranean region and after 500 BCE, it was used in China as well.

wrought iron

By 750 BCE, _____ was being used on the battlefield and even the Celts had mastered the art of smelting.

Assyrians

______, the Near East's most feared warriors, thrived in war-making innovations and organization, constructing an unifying and long-lasting empire from Mesopotamian city-states.

catapult

For 500 years, besieging techniques remained largely unchanged until the Romans devised the _____ in 500 BCE, which threw boulders and igniting fireballs at their enemies' safeguards.

Mediterranean Sea Peoples and the Egyptians

By 1200 BCE, the engaged in the first-ever recorded maritime _________ conflict.

Athenians

The ________ were one of the first states to make maritime trade their primary industry, along with the Phoenicians and possibly the Etruscans.

crossbow

With the _____, the Chinese discovered ways to enhance their aim and power; later, the composite bow was created by nomadic tribes of the Asian steppes. Both were more effective and potent than a straightforward bow.

siege engines

When the Assyrians evolved against city barriers and gates, they used artillery cannons and ________ that terrified the inhabitants.

stirrup

The development of the _______ by Asian nomads around 300 BCE was the next step after cavalry started to play a significant role in warfare.