1 The Black Legend, Native Americans, and Spaniards

These flashcards cover the major points from John Green's lecture on 16th century North America, focusing on Native American societies, their interactions with European explorers, and the resulting impacts.

What major civilization styles were absent in North America before European arrival?

There were no classical-style civilizations with monumental architecture and empires like the Aztec or the Incas.

What were the approximate population estimates of Native Americans before Europeans arrived?

Estimates range from about 2 to 10 million within present US borders, with some estimates as high as 75 million.

What term describes the terrible population decline of Native Americans due to European diseases?

Octicimation refers to a population decline closer to 8 in 10 due to diseases like smallpox and influenza.

What was the primary lifestyle of West Coast Indians?

They primarily lived by fishing, gathering, and hunting sea mammals.

What was the Iroquois Confederacy?

A loose confederacy or league of tribal bands known as the Great League of Peace.

How did Native American views of property differ from European views?

Native Americans viewed land as a common resource assigned for use but not owned, whereas Europeans viewed land as property that could be owned.

Who was Popé and what did he accomplish?

Popé was a religious leader who organized an uprising in 1680, driving the Spanish colonists out of Santa Fe.

What is the significance of the Spanish Inquisition in relation to Native American conversions?

The Spanish Inquisition was against the cultural blending that made early conversion efforts successful, often leading to violent suppression of native religions.

What does the term 'Black Legend' refer to?

The Black Legend refers to the tale of Spanish cruelty towards Native Americans, which was used by later settlers to justify their own actions.

What is a key challenge when studying Native American history from the 16th century?

The lack of written records from Native Americans means most perspectives are from Europeans, many of whom viewed them as heathens.