SHARP Basic Course - Module 1

Dr. Martin Symonds

A psychiatrist who worked with trauma victims for the New York City Police Department and discovered that the first moments of interaction with police officers at the scene of the crime are crucial to victims.

Dr. Morton Bard

A psychologist at New York University who wrote 'The Crime Victim's Book', a book for victims of crimes.

James Rowland

A probation officer in Fresno, California who created the first victim's impact statement.

Dr. Ann Burgess

Coined the term "Rape Trauma Syndrome".

The victim assistance programs 'Aid for Victims of Crime', 'Bay Area Women Against Rape', and the 'Rape Crisis Center' were created in (Year)

1972

What three victim assistance programs were created during the 1970's?

'Aid for Victims of Crime', 'Bay Area Women Against Rape', and the 'Rape Crisis Center'

The National Victim's Rights Week was established in (Year)

1981

The National Organization for Victims Assistance (or National Organization for Victim Advocacy) was introduced in (Year)

1975

What Department of Defense form contains initial information for victims and witnesses of crime and their rights?

DD Form 2701

What are the Cime Victims' Rights?

1. To be treated with fairness and respect for your dignity and privacy.

2. To be reasonably protected from the accused offender.

3. To reasonable, accurate, and timely notice of public preliminary hearings, pretrial confinement hearings, court proceedings, and clemency and parole hearings related to the offense.

4. To be present at all public proceedings related to the offense unless the hearing officer or military judge determines that your testimony would be materially altered if, you as the victim, heard other testimony.

5. To reasonably confer with the prosecutor/Trial Counsel in the case.

6. To receive available restitution.

7. To be reasonably heard at: 1) a public hearing concerning the continuation of any pretrial confinement of the accused; 2) a sentencing hearing related to the offense; 3) a public Military Department Clemency and Parole Board hearing related to the offense.

8. To submit a written statement for the consideration of the Convening Authority prior to acting on findings and sentence.

9. To proceedings free from unreasonable delay.

10. To be provided information, if applicable, about the conviction, sentencing, imprisonment, Convening Authority's action, appellate review, and release of the offender.

What Army Regulation (AR) covers the Army Command Policy?

Army Regulation (AR) 600-200

What Army Regulation (AR) covers the Equal Employment Opportunity Discrimination Complaints?

Army Regulation (AR) 690-600

What is the Sexual Harassment/Assault Response and Prevention program's mission?

To reinforce the Army's commitment to eliminate incidents of sexual harassment and sexual assault through a comprehensive policy that centers on awareness and prevention, training and education, victim advocacy, response, reporting, and accountability.

How many functional areas are there in the Sexual Harassment/Assault Response and Prevention program?

4

What are the functional areas within the Sexual Harassment/Assault Response and Prevention program?

Program Mangement, Prevention, Response, and Training.

As a Sexual Assault Response Coordinator (SARC)/Victim Advocate (VA), which two functional areas are most important for your jobs?

Prevention and Response.

Which organization credentials Sexual Assault Response Coordinators (SARCs)/Victim Advocates (VAs)?

National Organization for Victim Assistance (NOVA)

What is the purpose of the Department of Defense Sexual Assault Advocate Certification Program (D-SAACP)?

To standardize sexual assault response to victims and professionalize military victim advocacy as well as recognize SARCs and VAs specialized training, dedicated service, and commitment to upholding the highest standards for victim care and privacy.

What are the components of nonverbal communication?

General Appearance, posture, body orientation or movements, facial expressions and gestures, personal boundaries, tone and inflection, and eye contact.

What are the techniques of active listening?

Engaging

Focusing

Thinking

Questioning

Clarifying

Paraphrasing

Using "I"

What techniques will help you effectively both receive and send information?

Engaging

Focusing

Thinking

Questioning

Clarifying

Paraphrasing

Using "I"

Active listening helps you

connect with complainant/victims and enables you to appropriately assess complainant/victim's needs.

Maintaining appropriate boundaries of communication and consistently behaving within the limits of the SARC/VA - Complainant/Victim relationship are

essential to maintain the complainant/victim's trust and sense of safety.

Boundary violations can look like:

- Giving the complainant/victim an unsolicited hug

- Inviting the complainant/victim to social activities

- Making decisions for the complainant/victim

- Offering to babysit complainant/victim's children

- Transporting complainant/victim to an appointment in a personal vehicle

- Letting complainant/victim stay with you at your home

How many types of briefings are there?

Four. (Information, Decision, Mission, and Staff)

What are the types of Army Briefings?

Information

Decision

Mission

Staff

What are the P5Ds?

Projection

Pitch

Pace

Pauses

Pronunciation

Distractors

What is the definition of a conflict of interest?

A situation in which a person or organization has competing interests or loyalties, which could prevent you from providing appropriate and sufficient support to personnel.

What three things are included in a presentation?

The introduction, presentation, and summary.

What is the Army's 8 Step Training Model?

1. Plan Training

2. Train Leaders

3. Reconnoiter the training site(s)

4. Issue the event OPORD

5. Rehearse

6. Execute training

7. Conduct an After Action Review (AAR)

8. Conduct retraining

In what step of the 8-Step Army Training Model do you plan training?

Step 1

In what step of the 8-Step Army Training Model do you train leaders?

Step 2

In what step of the 8-Step Army Training Model do you reconnoiter the training site(s)?

Step 3

In what step of the 8-Step Army Training Model do you issue the event OPORD?

Step 4

In what step of the 8-Step Army Training Model do you rehearse?

Step 5

In what step of the 8-Step Army Training Model do you execute the training?

Step 6

In what step of the 8-Step Army Training Model do you conduct an After Action Review (AAR)?

Step 7

In what step of the 8-Step Army Training Model do you conduct retraining?

Step 8

The 8-Step Army Training Model is

an effective technique for units to plan and prepare a training event.

Where can the latest versions of approved SHARP Training products be found?

on the Army Training Network (ATN).

What is a sexual innuendo?

An indirect remark suggesting something rude or sexual in nature; it is not necessarily illegal or malicious and it can be construed as offensive.

What is the definition of sexual harassment?

It is (1) conduct that involves unwelcomed sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and deliberate or repeated offensive comments or gestures of a sexual nature when:

a. Submission to such conduct is made either explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of a job, pay, or career;

b. Submission to, or rejection of such conduct by a person is used as a basis for career or employment decisions affecting that person; or

c. Such conduct has the purpose or effect of unreasonably interfering with an individual's work performance or creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment; and

(2) Any use or condonation, by any person in a supervisory or command position, of any form of sexual behavior control, influence, or affect the career, pay, or job of a member of the Armed Forces or a Civilian employee of the DoD.

(3) Any deliberate or repeated unwelcome comments or gestures of a sexual nature by any member of the Armed Forces or DA Civilian Employee.

Quid Pro Quo must have these elements to exist.

Power, control or influence.

Civilian complainants are to contact the Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) office within how many calendar days to initiate the complaint process?

45 Calendar Days

Soldiers are encouraged to file formal complaints with the BDE level SARC or higher within how many calendar days?

60 Calendar Days

The categories of Sexual Harassment are:

Verbal, Non-Verbal, and Physical Contact.

These acts/action(s) are considered verbal sexual harassment:

- Telling sexual jokes

- Using sexually explicit profanity or threats, sexually oriented cadences, or sexual comments

- Whistling in a sexual suggestive manner

- Describing certain attributes of one's physical appearance in a sexual manner

These acts/action(s) are considered non-verbal sexual harassment:

- Staring at someone, "undressing someone with one's eyes," blowing kisses, winking, or licking one's lips in a suggestive manner

- Displaying inappropriate printed material (e.g., sexually oriented pictures or cartoons)

- Using sexually oreinted screen savers on one's computer

- Sending sexual oreinted notes, letters, faxes, or e-mails

- Taking inappropriate videos or photos

- Forwarding explicit photos

- Sexting

These acts/action(s) are considered physical contact harassment:

- Touching, patting, pinching, bumping or grabbing

- Cornering or blocking a passageway

- Providing unsolicited back or neck rubs

- Kissing

What are the types of sexual harassment?

Quid Pro Quo and Hostile Work Environment

In a Quid Pro Quo Sexual Harassment, subjects may:

- Demand sexual favors in exchange for a promotion, award, or favorable assignment

- Discipline or relieve a subordinate who refuses sexual advances

- Threaten a poor job evaluation for refusing sexual advances

- Effect third persons

In a Hostile Work Environment Sexual Harassment, subjects may:

- Use derogatory, gender-biased terms

- Make comments about body parts

- Display sexually suggestive pictures

- Tell sexually explicit jokes

- Touch complainant/victims in an unwanted manner

What potential impact does sexual harassment have on an individual?

It can potentially cause depression, detachment, difficulty with trust, and/or decline in performance.

What potential impact does sexual harassment have on a unit?

It can potentially cause decreased productivity, polarization, a disrespectful environment, and distraction from goals and mission accomplishment.

Reasons that people don't intervene:

They assumed it wasn't a problem, didn't know when or how to intervene, assumed it was none of their business, assumed someone else would intervene, and/or feared for their personal safety.

What is bystander apathy?

It is the assumption that someone else would or will intervene.

What are misperceptions of social norms?

It is the gap between what people think others believe and do and what others actually believe and do.

What are the types of misperceptions of social norms?

Pluralistic ignorance, false uniqueness, and false consensus.

Pluralistic ignorance looks like:

- Privately disdaining but publicly supporting a norm or belief

- Act counter to their own beliefs to fit in, engaging in unhealthy behaviors that they mistakenly think are the norm ("follow the crowd")

- Recognizing that conforming with the norm is at variance with their own values, but assume a similar discrepancy does not exist in others ("maybe it's just me")

- Thin that they are "minority" but really are "majority"

False Uniqueness looks like:

- Assuming that the difference between their attitudes and those of others is greater than it is ("loner" or "goody two-shoes")

- May not participate in various activities and falsely assume that they are more unique than they are

False consensus looks like:

- Tending to be the loudest and most aggressive in the group ("ringleader")

- Believing that others think or behave like them when in fact they do not

- Using this false assumption to deny that their behaviors are negative

- Thinking that they are the "majority" but really, they are the "minority".

This misperception states that people think they are the minority, but in fact they are the are the majority:

Pluralistic Ignorance

This misperception states that people think they are the majority, but infact they are the minority:

False Consensus

This misperception states that people assume the difference between their attitudes and those of others is greater than it is:

False Uniqueness

What are the steps in the interventon process?

1. Notice the event

2. Interpret the event or behavior as a problem

3. Feel responsible for solving the problem

4. Decide how to intervene

5. Take action

Prevention refers to:

efforts intended to stop the perpetration of unhealthy, harmful, dangerous, and illegal behavior and acts, as well as victimization and re-victimization by others.

Intervention is the act of:

coming in or between something by way of hindrance or modification.

How many levels of prevention are there and what are they?

3 levels; Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary.

Primary Prevention is:

stopping a self-directed harm and prohibited abusive or harmful act before it occurs.

Secondary Prevention is:

immediately responding after sexual violence, or a warning sign of sexual violence, has occurred.

Tertiary Prevention is:

long term responses to address lasting consequences of sexual violence.

What are the four levels of the Social Ecological Model?

Individual, Relationships, Community, and Society.

Prevention is a ______________ approach.

comprehensive

These are risk factors within the society level of the SEM:

- Harmful norms around masculinity and femininity

- Media violence

- Cultural norms that support aggression towards others

- Society norms that support male superiority and sexual entitlement

These are protective factors within the society level of the SEM:

- Realistic expectations

- Social justice

- Mission success

These are risk factors within the community level of the SEM:

- Duty station transitions

- Higher proportion of workplace males

- Frequency of sexual harassment/sexual assault in a unit

- Lack of trust within leadership/unit

These are protective factors within the community level of the SEM:

- Open dialogue about sexual violence

- Easy access to support resources

- Positive command climate

- Engaged leadership

- Unit cohesion

- Healthy command climate

These are risk factors within the relationship level of the SEM:

- Lack of emotional support

- Social rejection and isolation

- Unhealthy dependence

- Association with sexually aggressive peers

- Newness to unit

These are protective factors within the relationship level of the SEM:

- Positive role models and mentors

- Healthy relationships

- Ability to define boundaries

- Strong prosocial support

- Connectedness

These are risk factors within the individual level of the SEM:

- Excessive alcohol and drug use

- Anti-social behavior

- Sexual orientation and gender identification

- Coercive sexual fantasies

- Hyper-masculinity

- Prior sexual victimization or perpetration

These are protective factors within the individual level of the SEM:

- Strong problem-solving skills

- Emotional health and connectedness

- Empathetic

- Pro-Bystander intervention behavior

- Age (older)

- Higher paygrade

What are possible coping mechanisms for the psychological effects on a complainant who is a victim of sexual harassment?

Denial, rationalization, avoidance, and adaptation.

What is the most common coping mechanism for the psychological effects on a complainant?

Denial

The physical effects of sexual harassment can include:

fatigue, loss of appetite, muscle pain, decreased coordination, headaches, insomnia, stomach problems, weight loss or gain, increased blood pressure, sexual disinterest or dysfunction.

Some reasons why complainants may not report incidents of sexual harassment can be that they:

have lack of faith in the chain of command, could be labeled as a non-team player, could be subjected to gossip or peer pressure, deemed it not worth the risk or time, are fearful of reprisal.

Informal Sexual Harassment complaints are maintained on a

Memorandum for Record (MFR)

Informal Sexual Harassments are ____ subjected to timelines.

NOT

Anonymous and Formal complaints of Sexual Harassment are filed on:

the DA Form 7746 (Sexual Harassment Complaint).

How soon does the SARC notify the Brigade (BDE) Commander following a complaint of sexual harassment?

Immediately

The Commander notifies the General Court Martial Convening Authority (GCMCA) and initiates an investigation within (Hours):

72

The Investigating Officer (IO) investigates the complaint, and the Commander makes a decision within (Days):

14 Calendar Days From Initiation

The Complainant and/or Subject have how many days to appeal after notification of findings (Days)?

30 Duty Days

Within how many days is the appeal referred to higher Commander with the GCMCA (Days)?

3 Calendar Days

The GCMCA will approve or disapprove the appeal, or conduct an additional investigation within (Days):

14 Calendar Days

Within 30 to 45 Calendar Days the SARC will:

conduct a follow-up assessment.

The Commander will submit final or progress report of the investigation to the GCMCA within (Days):

20 Calendar Days From Initiation.

Some of the 8 items needed to be included in the investigative report are:

- The Investigating Officer's (IO) appointment orders

- The DA Form 7746

- The Commander's retaliation/reprisal plan

- List of the Investigating Officer's questions developed

- Statement of those interviewed (complainant(s), named witnesses, subject(s), relevant members of chain(s) of command, individual who initially received the formal complaint

If there is NO preponderance of evidence to support the basis of a sexual harassment complaint, the complaint is:

Unsubstantiated

If there IS sufficient evidence to support all or part of sexual harassment allegations, the complaint is:

Substantiated

The final appealing authority in the Military Sexual Harassment Complaint Process is:

The General Court Martial Convening Authority (GCMCA).