Spanish 3 Unit 3.1 Vocab, Future tense, and Subjunctive

el aire puro

clean air

el basurero

garbage container

la biodiversidad

biodiversity

la capa de ozono

ozone layer

el clima

climate

la contaminación

pollution

la deforestación

deforestation

el derrumbe

landslide

el efecto invernadero

greenhouse effect

la erosión

erosion

las especies en peligro de extinción

endangered species

la inundación

flood

el medio ambiente

environment

no renovable

non-renewable

el petróleo

oil

el planeta

planet

el recurso natural

natural resource

la responsabilidad

responsibility

el riesgo

risk

la sequía

drought

el smog

smog

el suelo

ground, soil

el temblor

earthquake

dañar

to harm

destruir

to destroy

disminuir

to diminish

fomentar

to support

proteger

to protect

respirar

to breathe

reutilizar

to reuse

valorar

to value

apreciar

to appreciate

complejo(a)

complex

desarrollar

to develop

el desarrollo

development

la innovación

innovation

el invento

invention

la investigación

research

mejorar

to improve

reemplazar

to replace

amenazar

to threaten

extinguirse

to become extinct

informarse

to keep informed

el porvenir

future

responsable

responsible

la transformación

transformation

volar

to fly

votar

to vote

How do you form the future tense for an irregular verb?

Use the irregular stem and add the future endings.

Future tense ending for 'yo'

-é

Future tense ending for 'tú'

-ás

Future tense ending for 'usted/el/ella'

-á

Future tense ending for 'nosotros'

-emos

Future tense ending for 'ustedes/ellos/ellas'

-án

What is the subjunctive ending for AR verbs in 'yo' form?

-e

What is the subjunctive ending for AR verbs in 'tú' form?

-es

What is the subjunctive ending for AR verbs in 'él/ella/usted' form?

-e

What is the subjunctive ending for AR verbs in 'nosotros' form?

-emos

What is the subjunctive ending for AR verbs in 'vosotros' form?

-éis

What is the subjunctive ending for AR verbs in 'ellos/ellas/ustedes' form?

-en

What is the subjunctive ending for ER verbs in 'yo' form?

-a

What is the subjunctive ending for ER verbs in 'tú' form?

-as

What is the subjunctive ending for ER verbs in 'él/ella/usted' form?

-a

What is the subjunctive ending for ER verbs in 'nosotros' form?

-amos

Future tense stem for 'tener'

tendr-

Future tense stem for 'salir'

saldr-

Future tense stem for 'poner'

pondr-

Future tense stem for 'decir'

dir-

Future tense stem for 'hacer'

har-

Future tense stem for 'venir'

vendr-

Future tense stem for 'valer'

valdr-

Future tense stem for 'saber'

sabr-

Future tense stem for 'caber'

cabr-

Future tense stem for 'haber'

habr-

What is the subjunctive stem for 'ir'?

vay-

What is the subjunctive stem for 'saber'?

sep-

What is the subjunctive stem for 'haber'?

hay-

What is the subjunctive stem for 'estar'?

esté-

What is the subjunctive stem for 'dar'?

de-

What is the subjunctive stem for 'ser'?

se-

What is the subjunctive stem for 'ver'?

vea-

What is the subjunctive stem for 'caber'?

quepa-

What is the subjunctive stem for 'contar'?

cuente-

What is the subjunctive stem for 'decir'?

diga-

Es mejor que...

It's better that...

Es importante que...

It's important that...

Es necesario que...

It's necessary that...

Te aconsejo que...

I advise you that...

Es recomendable que...

It's advisable that...

Ojalá que...

Hopefully that...

Quiero que...

I want you that...

Me gustaría que...

I would like you that...

Es preferible que...

It's preferable that...

Temo que...

I fear that...