German + Italian Revolution

What techniques did bismarck use to unite germany?

Realpolitik, diplomatic isolation, manipulation of democratic mechanisms, and industrialized warfare and weaponry

The 3 general phases of the German unification

Denmark, Austria, and France

What happens with Denmark in the German unification

Schleswig and Holstein were two ethnically german Danish territories, and Bismarck teamed up with Austria to fight Denmark and win those territories

Which territories do Austria and Prussia get after the war with Denmark?

Prussia took Schleswig, Austria took Holstein

In which year do Prussia and Austria fight denmark

1864

In which year is the Austro-Prussian War?

1866

Explain the Austro-Prussian War

Bismarck wants Prussia to have Holstein, so he incites Austria to declare war and Italy allies with Prussia. Austria is defeated and Austria is forced to stay out of Germanic affairs

In which year was the Franco-Prussian war

1870

Explain the Franco-Prussian war

Bismarck wants the southern German states to unite, so he stirs up war with France to create a sense of Nationalism, and France loses, and gives up Alsace-Lorraine

How does Bismarck start the Franco-Prussian war?

Wilhelm I was next in line to rule in France, so him and the French ambassador had a meeting to discuss this, and a telegram was about to be sent from Wilhelm to the ambassador, but Bismarck edited the telegram to make it seem like he was offending France, and this incited war

What happened in 1871 regarding the German unification

The German empire is officially created and Wilhelm is declared Kaiser of the New Reichstag in the Versailles Hall of Mirrors

Count Camillo Cavor

Brilliant statesman of Sardinia

What was a distinctive characteristic of Cavour’s unification goals?

They were limited and “realistic”

Cavour did not think involving ________ in the unification was possible

Southern Italy

What did Cavour oppose?

Clerical privelages

Accomplishments of cavour in Sardinia

Built highways and railroads, included civil liberties, and held opposition to clerical privelage

What did Cavour realize needed to be done most importantly in order to unite Northern Italy?

He had to drive Austria out

What did Cavour realize he needed in order to drive Austria out of Northern Italy

A powerful ally

Who did Cavour create an alliance with?

Napoleon III

When did Cavour create an alliance

1858

Why does Napoleon III abandon the alliance

He thinks its a risky move and feared backlash from conservatives

Who wins the war between Sardinia and Austria?

Sardinia wins

Which territory does Sardinia win

Lombardy

What motivates Cavour to re-emerge from resignation

Pro sardinians in central italy overthrow their leaders and pledge allegienace to Piedmont-Sardinia

What is given to Napoleon III to keep him out of the situation

Nice and Savoy are given to France

Who rules over Piedmont Sardinia

Victor Emmanuel II'

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Radical Italian Nationalist who was the leader of the red shirts

What did the Red shirts accomplish?

They won over Sicily

When did the red shirts win over sicily

1860

What was the next plan of the Red Shirts after capturing sicily?

To attack rome

Who responds to the plan the of red shirts attacking Rome, and how do they do it?

Cavour sends forces to intercept the Red shirts route

Why was the Red shirts attacking Rome not a good idea?

There was far too much authory and Powerful people in Rome

What does Garibaldi propose to the Red Shirts after stopping their plan of attacking rome?

makes a deal to have southern italy join the already unified Kingdom of Sardinia

The main difference between the German and Italian Unification?

The unifications were done using different methods because Bismarck used political and diplomatic methods while the italians additionally used basic revolts