Agri 61

Adoption

It is a process by which a particular farmer-client is exposed to, considers, and finally practices or rejects a particular innovation.

Diffussion

It is the total process by which an innovation spreads out among farmer clients until a large number of farmers have adopted it.

Trial

This stage of the adoption process is characterized by small-scale experiment to test the new idea

Awareness

During this stage of the adoption process, a person becomes cognizant about a new idea, knows about its existence but he lacks details concerning it.

Extension methods

This refers to the methods of communication that can be used in extension for influencing the target groups, or the teaching techniques used by an extension system as it functions

Extension approach

This refers to how extension is organized with coherent combination of strategies and methods to make rural extension more effective.

Facilitation for empowerment

It is an extension paradigm that employs participatory approach where participants interact to make their own decision.

Human resource development

It is an extension paradigm that generally builds on the social capital of the clients in agriculture through capacity building

Commodity specialized approach

This extension approach is oriented to providing extension interventions to one commodity.

Training and visit approach

This extension approach is fairly centralized based on a rigorously planned schedule of visits to farmers and training of agents and subject matter specialists

Project approach

This extension approach is often used to demonstrate techniques and methods and concentrates efforts on a particular location, for a specific time period, often with outside resources.

Farming system development approach

This extension approach is characterized as holistic having close ties with research where technology is developed locally through an iterative process involving local people

Educational institution approach

This extension approach is used by the colleges or universities, which aims to transfer technical knowledge.

Costs can be high, and result can be slow

Following are advantages of farming systems development approach except for one. What is this one

Cost-sharing approach

This extension approach has a success measure of willingness to pay on the part of partner institutions or groups?

AEWs are forced to get out of their offices and meet with farmers

These are disadvantages of training and visit approach with one exception. What is it?

Scheme approach

ICRE describes this extension approach as an organized and coherent combination of extension strategies and methods which aims at the reinforcement of the rules and regulations of a scheme

Technical change approach

This extension approach is the most common extension approach that aims at the maximum adoption of a number of innovations

Target category approach

This extension approach provides carefully selected information, and other support for the specific needs of deliberately chosen categories in the population

Farmers organization approach

This extension approach forms organizations that are independent with the objective of propagating some kind of social or economic development for the members

Individual extension method

This extension method deals with farmers on a one-on-one basis

Field day

One of the following is a type of a group extension method

Informal contact

This individual extension method allows farmers to talk with AEWs in any occasion.

Be late for the visit

One of the following should be avoided when conducting a successful farm/home visit.

Group extension method

This method is used with groups formed to exchange ideas, discuss problems and collectively decide on a future course of action,

Broadcast media

This method uses radio, film, music and TV allowing for a long-range transfer of information.

Group training

This method is commonly used in teaching a group of people on a particular knowledge, skill or attitude - supported by a training design and monitoring and evaluation mechanism

Group/community meetings

This method are useful educational fora where the AEW and farmers can come together to openly discuss and analyze ideas for the good of the community

Viasual

Results demonstration, motion pictures and slides are examples of what form of extension methods?

The extension agents goals, circumstance in which they work, capacity of the extension service, type and volume of information to be delivered.

What determines the most appropriate extension method to use?

Information

What function of communication collects, stores, processes and disseminates news, data, pictures, faces and messages, opinions and comments needed to enable an individual to understand and react knowledgeably to his environment as well as to make decisions ?

Compatibility

What characteristic/attribute of innovation that indicates the degree to which the innovation fits with the existing values, practices and needs of the adopter?

Laggards

According to Rogers (1957), this category of adopters strongly resist change and are the last to adopt the proposed innovation.

Early adopters

In the same study of Rogers (1957), opinion leaders were identified with these adopters

Channel

What element of communication serves as the pathway of the message to its destination?

Competence

What credibility dimension of an effective communicator explains that the source is perceived by the receiver as well-trained, competent, intelligent, experienced, witty, bright, etc.?

Selective retention

This factor affecting response to a message relates to an individual's tendency to learn or remember information that supports or agrees with his/her attitudes, beliefs and behavior.

Character

What credibility dimension of an effective communicator explains that the source is perceived by the receiver as honest, trustworthy, friendly, reliable, pleasant, warm, etc.?

Do not use visual and written when possible.

One of the following is not true in the use of extension methods:

Motivation

This function of communication stimulates individual choices, aspirations, and community activities which help achieve the goals of society.

Education

This function of communication transmits knowledge that develops intellect, character, and skills

Intrapersonal communication

This communication involves only one person and is usually called a self-talk

Group communication

This communication relates to interaction of people in small groups sometimes in decision making settings

Organizational communication

This communication occurs in larger groups or cooperative networks, sometimes in decision making settings

Late majority

____ is a category of adopters who are reluctant to abandon previous techniques and would adopt a technology only when they see the overwhelming evidence from their neighbors' farms

Relative advantage

____ is an attribute/ characteristic of innovation that refers to the degree to which farmers recognize an innovation as better to one it is intended to replace

Complexity

In the diffusion of innovation theory, the degree to which the adopter perceives the innovation to be difficult to understand and use is called _____

Innovators

____are adopters who are often respected in the locality because of their venturesome spirit and are the first to adopt an innovation.

Persuasion

In- the diffusion adoption process, an individual forms an attitude towards the information that leads him/her to either accept or reject the innovation. The person is in the _____ stage of the adoption

General extension Approach

The ______ is an extension approach that applies a top-down planning and implementation by the central government through a large number of field personnel deployed according to governmental structure throughout the country

Extension Strategy

____________________ is a series of steps, procedures and activities to operationalize the extension approach and to achieve specified extension goals

Source

In communication, the _____________ is the one who creates and transmits the message to its destination

Information

___is a function of communication that collects, stores, processes and disseminates news, data, pictures, faces and messages, opinions and comments needed to enable an individual to understand and react knowledgeably to his environment as well as to make decisions

Communication

_____is a process in which two or more persons create and share information with one another in order to reach a mutuaal understanding, mutual agreement, and subsequent collective action