Studied by 2 people
Transmutation
Changing from one element to another, also occurs during nuclear reactions
Nuclear Reaction
Occurs when a nucleus is struck by another nucleus or a simpler particle
Reaction Energy
Used to calculate the energy used/expelled when particle a hits nucleus X andturns into nucleus Y and particle b
Collision Cross Section
Used to predict the probability of certain nuclear reactions happening
Liquid Drop Model
A uranium-235 nucleus absorbs a neutron and becomes a compound nucleus, uranium-236
Fission Fragments
The resulting nuclei from a fission reaction
Moderator
A substance used to slow down neutrons as they usually travel too fast to be absorbed by uranium atoms
Enrichment
process used to increase the percentage of uranium-235 in a sample of uranium in order to increase the likelihood of a nuclear reaction
Critical Mass
The minimum mass of uranium required to achieve a self-sustaining reaction
Neutron Multiplication Factor
The average number of neutrons produces by a reaction,representedby f, a self-sustaining reaction must have a NMF of f ≥ 1
Nuclear Fusion
Bringing two nuclei together to build a larger nuclei
Magnetic Confinement
One such method developed to contain the high temperature plasma necessary for fusion, uses strong magnetic fields to keep the plasma suspended in air and rotate it to increase its kinetic energy
Lawson Criterion
A value that the product of ion density (ions/m^3) and confinement time, τ , must surpass in order to produce ignition of a fusion reaction, defined as 3 ∗ 1020s/m^3
Ionizing Radiation
Any type of radiation that can ionize an atom of any material
Dosimetry
The study of measuring dosage of radiation
Source Activity
The rate of nuclear decays per second from a source, unit is the curie
Absorbed Dose
Another method of measuring exposure to radiation, this measures the effect theradiation has on the absorbing material
Relative Biological Effectiveness
The number of rads or X-ray or γ radiation that produces thesame biological damage as 1 rad of the given radiation
Natural Radioactive Background
A source of radiation that averages 0.30 rem per year per personin the U.S.
Radiation Sickness
A disease caused by large doses of radiation, symptoms include loss of bodyhair and nausea
Radiation Therapy
A cancer treatment that works by focusing large amount of radiation on cancercells in order to destroy them
Tracer
A compound that incorporates a radioactive isotope and can be traced within the body
Auto radiography
Radioactive isotopes are tracked on film
Gamma Camera
Simultaneously record radioactivity at many points which can be displayed on a screen for ease of visualization
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)
The process of using gamma cameras to detect radioactive intensity at many points
Positron Emission Tomography
Uses positron emitters in a compound that accumulates in asingle area to further observe it
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