Unit 7 Exam Prep Isabella Sophia Zoe

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

Immigration

Migration to a new location, changed what it means to American- Made America more of a melting pot (different cultures).

Social Darwinism

The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle. (made other races seem weak).

Eugenics

basically fake science

Yellow Journalism

Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers

What was the criteria for being real world power?

1. Large Navy.
2. Colonies- refueling stations for navy.

What was the crisis in Cuba?

1895- Cuban insurgents (guerillas) started fighting for independence, These rebels destroyed American- invested plantations.

What was the "Maine" incident?

1897- President William McKinley offers to help negotiate peace in Cuba. McKinley sent USS Maine. U.S. ship blown up in Havana Harbor

Battle of Manila Bay (1898)

May 1st, 1898- Admiral George Dewey took US fleet to Manila (Philippines) and destroyed Spanish Navy in Pacific.

Battle of Suan Juan Hill

July 1st, 1898- African American "Buffalo Soldiers" and Theodore Roosevelt's "Rough Riders" took summit of contested hill.

Battle of Santiago Bay

US navy destroyed Spanish navy in Cuba, secured final victory.

In the Spanish- American War, What countries became US colonies?

Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines

What was the Philippine Insurrection?

Filipinos hated US role, US army used bad methods to fight uprising.

What were some other Imperialism methods?

1852- Matthew Perry forced Japan into humiliating trade treaty with US.
1898- Hawaii annexed became US territory.
1899- American Samoa annexed, became US territory.

What year did Roosevelt become president?

1901- after McKinley's assassination. Roosevelt believed in "White Mans Burden"

Diplomacy

how you interact with other countries.

Panama Canal

1889- French company attempted canal, failed due to difficult conditions.
1903- Panama (with US support) independence from Columbia, sells canal zone to US.
Major Problem- diseases (yellow fever, etc).

What was Roosevelts addition to the Monroe Doctrine?

US would intervene in Latin America to create political and economic stability- this would keep European countries out.

Dollar Diplomacy (Taft)

The U.S. would use its economic power to influence other countries
Provide loans to countries in need

What was the focus/goal of the National Women Suffrage Association?

To pass the constitutional amendment (change the constitution).

What was the focus/goal of the American Women Suffrage Association?

To get suffrage at state level, would lead to national.

19th Amendment (1920)

Gave women the right to vote

What were societal reforms?

worked to end child labor.

Muckrakers

Journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public

Square Deal

Theodore Roosevelt's promise of fair and equal treatment for all (everyone gets help not just the rich).

Trust Busting

Government activities aimed at breaking up monopolies and trusts.

What were Taft's achievements?

Trust-busting, children's bureau ( published problems of child labor).

Progressive Party (Bull Moose Party)

Formed by president Roosevelt in election of 1912- to put regulations on monopolies

What were Wilsons reforms?

Tariff reform- decreased tariffs by 30%.

NAACP (WEB DuBois)

Interracial organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achieve political and civil rights for African Americans.

Anti-Defamation League (Sigmund)

worked against discrimination.

The discovery of minerals in the west led to boomtowns. What mineral was NOT one of the resources that led to the creation of these towns?

Coal

What were reasons people migrated from farms to cities in the 19th-20th centuries?

better jobs, entertainment options, better living conditions.

What was the Credit Mobilier Scandal primarily associated with?

corruption in the construction of the transcontinental railroad.

Who was the VICE president implicated in the Credit Mobilier scandal?

Schuyler Colfax

What best describes the role of the Credit Mobilier company in the scandal?

It was a construction company that overcharged the government for building railroads.

Yellow journalism is best described as..?

favoring big headlines that sell papers over truth.

What best describes nationalism?

pride and devotion for ones country and the belief that their culture and beliefs should be spread to other less developed nations.

Social Darwinism is to the Eugenic Movement like ....

Nationalism is to Imperialism

Why was the USS Maine sent to Cuba?

To try and keep peace between the 2 factions. ( i think its the right answer..?)

This battle concluded with an American victory and included both the "Rough Riders" and African American "Buffalo Soldiers".

Battle of San Juan Hill

What significant challenge did workers face during the construction of the Panama Canal?

High mortality rates due to tropical diseases.

Which suffrage activist group primarily focused on achieving suffrage at the state level?

American Women Suffrage Association.

What event prompted the government to enact workplace safety laws?

The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire.

One aspect of Roosevelt's square deal was...

promoted environmental conservation.

What was one economic motivation behind the desire to keep the Philippines as a colony?

To establish a new market for American goods.

Which event directly preceded the annexation of Hawaii as a US territory?

The Spanish-American War.

Which method did William Howard Taft primarily employ to spread US influence in Latin America?

Economic aid and investment.

How does Roosevelts approach to foreign policy, as exemplified by his addition to the Monroe Doctrine and his diplomatic strategies, demonstrate both continuity and change from earlier American foreign policy principles and practices?

It signifies continuity by upholding the principles of the Monroe Doctrine while introducing more aggressive tactics.

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

6 Major powers of Europe

Great Britain, Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary, France, Italy.

Big sources of tension

1. Competition for material and markets.
2. Territorial disputes.

French lost what to Germany during the Franco-Prussian War?

Alsace Lorraine.

Imperialism

domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region

Militarism

glorification of the military and war.

What did Militarism lead to?

arms race

Arms Race

each country trying to outdo the others with the number and strength of troops, weapons, etc.

By 1914, all major powers except _____ had large standing armies

Great Britain

In 1871, Germany declared themselves as what?

a "satisfied power" and wanted to seek peace. They knew that France was still mad about Alsace Lorraine, so they decided to isolate France.

Duel Alliance 1879

A-H and Germany

In 1881, Germany signs treaty with Russia so they don't fight 2 fronts. What happened to the treaty?

Kaiser Wilhem II lets Russian treaty lapse. Then Russia signs a treaty with France.

What was Bismarks nightmare?

Germany having to fight 2 fronts.

Triple Alliance

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

Triple Entente

Great Britain, France, Russia

Pan Slavism

unity for all Slavic people (especially those controlled by non-Slavic empires). Reason why Serbians wanted to extend throughout the Balkans.

In 1908, A-H took over what?

Bosnia and Herzegovia

anarchist

one against government (kill people).

Who ATTEMPTED to assassinate Archduke Franz Ferdinand on June 28, 1914?

Nedeljko Cabrinovix, we tried to throw a hand grenade in the car, but it bounced off the door and injured a bodyguard.

Who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

Gavrilo Princip, Serbian Nationalist and member of the Black Hand. During a sharp turn of Archduke Ferdinand's car Princip came and shot him and his wife.

Who was blamed for the murders ( and the start of the war)?

Serbia

ultimatum

a demand or threat that is final (do as we say or else).

What day did the war start?

July 28, 1914

What did Kaiser Wilhem give A-H for whatever they needed?

Blank Check

What happened at the beginning of the war?

July 28- Austria Hungary declares war on Serbia.
July 28- Russia begins to mobilize their troops.
August 1- Germany declares war on Russia.
August 3- Germany declares war on France.
August 5- Great Britain declares war on Germany .

Central Powers

Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria

Allied Powers

Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy (they switched sides), Japan.

Stalemate

A situation in which no progress can be made or no advancement is possible

Schlieffen Plan

A strategy drawn up by Germany to avoid fighting a war on two fronts. Attacking and defending France then quickly marching east and attacking Russia.

Taxicab Battle

September 5, 1914, the Allies attack the Germans at the 1st battle of the Marne. 600 civilian taxis were used to transport every available soldier to the front line.

Trench Warfare

A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield.

What phrase would the commander call out for everyone in the trench to go?

"Over the top"!

No Mans Land

Territory between rival Trenches, very dangerous

What were some things found in the trenches?

Diseases, rats, and they would fill with water due to the constant rain.

Poison Gas

a gas that is poisonous to breath or contact (made of mustard gas and chlorine gas).

Machine Gun

a rapidly firing automatic gun (often mounted)

Tank

An enclosed armored military vehicle used by British in WWI. Helped end the war.

Submarine

a watercraft that stays under water

On the first day of battle how many British troops were killed?

20,000

What is a difference between the Western and Eastern fronts?

Western- more dangerous/deadly
Eastern- more mobile

Who was the autocratic ruler of Russia?

Tsar Nicholas II

Grigori Rasputin

advisor of the tsar that convinced him he could heal his son.

Vladimir Lenin

He was sent into Russia to create the Communist Revolution in October 1917 and started the Soviet Union.

What treaty was made between Russia and Germany?

Brest Livosk, favored Germany. (Poland, Ukraine, Bulgaria taken from Russia).

Gallipoli Campaign

(1915) Failed attempt by the Allies in World War I to take control of the Dardanelles and create a supply line to Russia.

What did Japan do in the beginning of the war?

Overtook China and captured Germany's Island Colonies.

Which 2 countries took over 3/4 of African possessions?

England and France.

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

A policy that the Germans announced on January 1917 which stated that their submarines would sink any ship in the British waters

Lusitania Sinks (1915)

British passenger liner was downed by a German U-boat attack. Killed 128 Americans on board. (in total 1198 people killed).

Zimmerman Note

Message proposing an alliance between Germany and Mexico.

Total War

A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort