orgo test 3 vocab

aprotic

cant hydrogen bond with itself/doesn't have any donor hydrogens (hydrogens attached to a N, O, or F atom)

protic

can hydrogen bond with itself/has donor hydrogens (hydrogens attached to a N, O, or F atom)

a ___ base =a better leaving group

weaker base

hybridization

Combining atomic orbitals (ex:sp3)

inductive effect

A change in electron density of an atom bc of the atoms around it in a molecule

polarizability

How easily a molec’s electron cloud can be distorted

solvation

Solvent molecules interact/ form bonds with ions in the solvent, stabilizing them

A ___ base = a better nucleophile

stronger base

aryl halide

an alkyl halide with the halogen directly bonded to a ring

Vinyl halide

An alkyl halide with the halogen bonded to an atom with a double bond

Allyl halide

alkyl halide where the halogen is 1 carbon away from a double bond

benzyl halide

alkyl halide where the halogen is 1 carbon away from a benzene ring

the only reagents you should use for secondary alcohols

phosphorus tribromide and pyridine

Williamson ether synthesis

Sn2 reaction that turns an alcohol and a primary alkyl halide onto an ether

what solvent you need to use in Williamson ether synthesis

NaH

What reactions is NaOCH3 used in?

acid/base reactions, SN2, E2

What reactions is KOtBu used in?

E2 reactions, SN2 only with BrCH3

What reactions is pyridine used in?

Williamsons ether synthesis with PBr3 or PCl3, acts as base in primary and secondary alcohol reactions, solvent

What reactions is NaH used in?

Williamsons ether synthesis, deprotonation