The Cell Cycle

bio

Interphase

First process in the Cell Cycle

\-cell growth, DNA synthesize, prep. for mitosis

G1

Cell growth

\-common stage for cells to stay in

Synthesis

DNA replication

\-second stage in Interphase

G2

Cell growth

\-prepare for cell division

Mitosis

Cell division to produce new cells

\-biggest process in the Cell Cycle

Prophase

1st step of Mitosis

\-chromatin condenses into chromosomes

\-centrioles separate, spindles form, then attach to centromeres on chromosome

\-nucleus starts to dissolve; free movement of chromosomes

Metaphase

2nd step of Mitosis

\-chromosomes line up in the middle of cell

\-connected to spindle fibers at their centromere

Anaphase

3rd step of Mitosis

\-sister chromatids separate into their own chromosome

\-migrate to opposite sides of cell

\-”eat” their way down spindle

\-empty spindle fibers push on each other, causing cells to elongate

Telophase

4th step of Mitosis

\-chromosomes move to each end of cell

\-chromosomes loosen up into chromatin

\-nucleus reappears

Cytokinesis

3rd named process in Cell Cycle (or Mitosis 1.5)

\-cytoplasm divides

\-cleavage furrow splits cell

\-2 daughter cells identical to each other + original “parent” cell

big, DNA

if a cell gets too -----, don’t have enough ------ to control whole cell

area, volume

surface () to () ratio

volume

1 cell divides into 2 to reduce…

exchange

if the cell is bigger, it cannot ---- materials as fast as they grow

more material

more volume = () in/out

high

cell require ------ surface area : volume ratio

asexual reproduction

use of cell division to create genetically identical offspring from a single parent

\-simple, efficient, fast

sexual reproduction

fusion of two parent sex cells (1/2 original DNA)

to create 1 offspring cell with DNA from both parents

\-produces variation

Chromatin

loosely coiled DNA & proteins that are easy to read

Chromosome

tightly condensed DNA & proteins

\-unable to read, but easy to move

Chromatids

strands of DNA making up chromosomes

sister chromatids

after chromatids are copied, 2 copies known as ---------

(f attached = 1 chromosome)

centromere

area where ------- attach to each other

Cell Cycle

overall cycle used to divide a parent cell into two daughter cells

\-detailed and complex

\-used for repair and growth

binary fission

Prokaryotes perform ____________

Binary Fission

\-simple and fast cellular division in prokaryotic cells (increase population/reproduction)

cell

eukaryotes use the ------- cycle