The Cell Cycle
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27 Terms
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Interphase
First process in the Cell Cycle
\-cell growth, DNA synthesize, prep. for mitosis
\-cell growth, DNA synthesize, prep. for mitosis
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G1
Cell growth
\-common stage for cells to stay in
\-common stage for cells to stay in
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Synthesis
DNA replication
\-second stage in Interphase
\-second stage in Interphase
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G2
Cell growth
\-prepare for cell division
\-prepare for cell division
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Mitosis
Cell division to produce new cells
\-biggest process in the Cell Cycle
\-biggest process in the Cell Cycle
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Prophase
1st step of Mitosis
\-chromatin condenses into chromosomes
\-centrioles separate, spindles form, then attach to centromeres on chromosome
\-nucleus starts to dissolve; free movement of chromosomes
\-chromatin condenses into chromosomes
\-centrioles separate, spindles form, then attach to centromeres on chromosome
\-nucleus starts to dissolve; free movement of chromosomes
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Metaphase
2nd step of Mitosis
\-chromosomes line up in the middle of cell
\-connected to spindle fibers at their centromere
\-chromosomes line up in the middle of cell
\-connected to spindle fibers at their centromere
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Anaphase
3rd step of Mitosis
\-sister chromatids separate into their own chromosome
\-migrate to opposite sides of cell
\-”eat” their way down spindle
\-empty spindle fibers push on each other, causing cells to elongate
\-sister chromatids separate into their own chromosome
\-migrate to opposite sides of cell
\-”eat” their way down spindle
\-empty spindle fibers push on each other, causing cells to elongate
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Telophase
4th step of Mitosis
\-chromosomes move to each end of cell
\-chromosomes loosen up into chromatin
\-nucleus reappears
\-chromosomes move to each end of cell
\-chromosomes loosen up into chromatin
\-nucleus reappears
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Cytokinesis
3rd named process in Cell Cycle (or Mitosis 1.5)
\-cytoplasm divides
\-cleavage furrow splits cell
\-2 daughter cells identical to each other + original “parent” cell
\-cytoplasm divides
\-cleavage furrow splits cell
\-2 daughter cells identical to each other + original “parent” cell
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big, DNA
if a cell gets too -----, don’t have enough ------ to control whole cell
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area, volume
surface () to () ratio
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volume
1 cell divides into 2 to reduce…
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exchange
if the cell is bigger, it cannot ---- materials as fast as they grow
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more material
more volume = () in/out
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high
cell require ------ surface area : volume ratio
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asexual reproduction
use of cell division to create genetically identical offspring from a single parent
\-simple, efficient, fast
\-simple, efficient, fast
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sexual reproduction
fusion of two parent sex cells (1/2 original DNA)
to create 1 offspring cell with DNA from both parents
\-produces variation
to create 1 offspring cell with DNA from both parents
\-produces variation
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Chromatin
loosely coiled DNA & proteins that are easy to read
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Chromosome
tightly condensed DNA & proteins
\-unable to read, but easy to move
\-unable to read, but easy to move
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Chromatids
strands of DNA making up chromosomes
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sister chromatids
after chromatids are copied, 2 copies known as ---------
(f attached = 1 chromosome)
(f attached = 1 chromosome)
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centromere
area where ------- attach to each other
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Cell Cycle
overall cycle used to divide a parent cell into two daughter cells
\-detailed and complex
\-used for repair and growth
\-detailed and complex
\-used for repair and growth
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binary fission
Prokaryotes perform ____________
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Binary Fission
\-simple and fast cellular division in prokaryotic cells (increase population/reproduction)
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cell
eukaryotes use the ------- cycle