Perception

Perception

is an active and dynamic process influenced by individual experiences, expectations, and cultural context.

Sensation

involves the initial detection of sensory stimuli through sensory organs, while perception is the brain's interpretation and organization of that information.

Retinal Disparity

The brain processes the slight differences in images projected onto each retina to perceive depth, creating a sense of three-dimensionality.

Convergence

The brain interprets the degree to which the eyes converge (turn inward) to focus on a nearby object, providing additional depth information.

Height in plane

how things that are further away often appear to be positioned higher up.

Relative size

This monocular cue gives you the ability to measure how far away something is.

Occlusion

is another depth cue which involves one object covering or overlapping another – when this happens we perceive the object that is overlapping the other to be closer.

Linear perspective

happens when the angles of two adjacent objects and the distance between them look smaller and smaller.

James Gibson

He proposed his direct theory of how perception works.

Gibson’s Direct Theory of Perception

is the idea that we perceive simply by using the information we receive through our senses and this is enough information for us to make sense of the world around us.

Motion Parallax

is the way in which our visual field changes with movement with close objects seeming to move more than objects which are far away.

ecological theory of perception

Gibson’s direct theory of perception was also known as an

Why is it also called Ecological theory of Perception?

he believed perception evolved in order to help animals best deal with their environment.

Perceptual abilities

refer to the cognitive processes that allow individuals to interpret and make sense of sensory information from their environment. These abilities involve the brain's ability to receive, process, and interpret sensory stimuli such as visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, and gustatory information.

Depth perception

Depth perception is the ability to perceive the distance and three-dimensional aspects of objects in our visual field.

Visual illusions

occur when our perception of an image or scene deviates from the actual physical reality.

Ambiguity

Ambiguous stimuli present conflicting visual information that can be interpreted in multiple ways.

The Necker cube is a classic example of an?

Ambiguity

The Ponzo Illusion is an example of a?

Misinterpreted Depth Cues

Fiction

Fictional stimuli involve the perception of nonexistent or improbable elements in an image, leading to illusions.

The Kanizsa Triangle is an example of a?

Fiction

Size constancy

is the tendency to perceive an object as being a constant size, regardless of its distance from the observer.

The Müller-Lyer illusion is an example of a?

Size constancy

Constructivist Theory of Perception

argues that past knowledge and experience is the most important factor when making sense of the world around us.

Perceptual set

refers to the tendency of the human perceptual system to organize and interpret sensory information in a particular way based on prior experiences, expectations, and context.

Gilchrist and Nesberg Study on Motivation

In this study, Gilchrist and Nesberg investigated the role of motivation in the perception of visual stimuli, particularly the perception of brightness.

Prosopagnosia

is a neurological condition characterized by the inability to recognize familiar faces, including those of family members and close friends.

Color blindness

is a visual impairment that affects an individual's ability to perceive certain colors accurately.