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Humerus

longest bone in the arm

Humeral Head

rounded, medially oriented, proximal end that articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula

Humeral Shaft

long, tubular portion of bone

Distal End of Humerus

articulations for ulna and radius

Anatomical Neck of Humerus

groove that encircles the articular surface of the head

Surgical Neck of Humerus

link between the head and shaft

Greater Tubercle of Humerus (Anterior View, Proximal Shaft)

lateral

Lesser Tubercle of Humerus (Anterior View, Proximal Shaft)

medial

Crest of the Greater Tubercle

runs distally from the

Crest of the Lesser Tubercle

prominent, longitudinal bony ridge running inferiorly from the lesser tubercle on the proximal, medial aspect of the humerus

Intertubercular Groove of Humerus

houses the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle

Deltoid Tuberosity of Humerus

on the lateral surface of the shaft, an insertion for the deltoid muscle

Medial Epicondyle of Humerus (Anterior View, Distal Shaft)

prominent, bony bump on the inner side of the distal humerus

Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus (Anterior View, Distal Shaft)

bony prominence on the outer side of the distal humerus

Trochlea of Humerus

articulation with the ulna, medial

Capitulum of Humerus

articulation with the radius, lateral

Medial Supracondylar Crest of Humerus

sharp, prominent bony margin located on the distal-medial aspect of the humerus, extending superiorly from the medial epicondyle

Lateral Supracondylar Crest of Humerus

prominent, rough bony margin on the distal, outer side of the humerus

Coronoid Fossa of Humerus

receives the coronoid process of the ulna during flexion of the forearm

Radial Fossa of Humerus

receives head of the radius during flexion of the forearm

Olecranon Fossa of Humerus (Posterior View)

receives the olecranon fossa if the ulna in extension of the forearm

Crest for the Triceps Brachii

runs from the surgical neck to the deltoid tuberosity

Siding for Humerus

- head is proximal with the articular surface oriented medially

- capitulum is lateral, the trochlea is medial

- medial epicondyle is larger/ projects at a more acute angle than the lateral

- the greater tubercle is lateral and anterior

- deltoid tuberosity is lateral and curves from superior/ posterior to inferior/ anterior

Radius

shortest bone in the arm, the 'thumb side'

Head of Radius

has two articulations:

- articular facet

- articular circumference

Articular Facet of Radius

for the capitulum of the humerus

Articular Circumference of Radius

for the radial notch of the ulna

Neck of Radius

narrowed region immediately distal to the head of the radius

Radial Tuberosity

medial, insertion of the biceps brachii

Interosseous Crest of Radius (Anterior View, Distal End)

sharp, medial attachment site for the interosseous membrane

Styloid Process of Radius (Anterior View, Distal End)

most distally projecting point, on lateral side of bone

Dorsal Surface of Radius (Posterior View)

side that the dorsal tubercle resides on

Dorsal Tubercle

large bump on the posterior surface of the distal end, radius

Ulnar Notch of Radius (Anterior View)

for articulation with the distal end of the ulna

Carpal Articular Surface of Radius (Anterior View)

articulates with the lunate (medial) and the scaphoid (lateral)

Radius Siding

- head is proximal, dorsal tubercle is posterior

- ulnar notch is medial

- interosseous crest is medial

- when viewed posteriorly, the styloid process extends inferiorly on the side the bone is from

- when viewed anteriorly, radial tuberosity is found on the side the bone is from

- anterior side is slightly concave, posterior side is rounded

Ulna

- pinky side, medial bone when put in anatomical position

Trochlear Notch of Ulna (Anterior View, Proximal End)

articulates with the humerus

Radial Notch of Ulna (Anterior View, Proximal End)

for the radius

Olecranon of Ulna

the 'elbow'

Coronoid Process of Ulna

triangular, bony prominence on the proximal, anterior surface of the ulna

Ulnar Tuberosity

roughened area located on the anterior, proximal ulna inferior to the coronoid process

Interosseous Crest of Ulna

ridge along the lateral portion of the ulnar shaft that points towards the radius, sharp, lateral attachment site for the interosseous membrane

Pronator Ridge of Ulna (Anterior View, Distal End)

distal, medial

Head of Ulna (Anterior View, Distal End)

distal end

Styloid Process of Ulna (Anterior View, Distal End)

sharp, distal-most projection on the posteromedial corner

Articular Circumference of Ulna (Anterior View, Distal End)

for the ulnar notch of the radius

Clavicle

- articulates with the manubrium of the sternum medially and with the scapula laterally

- smooth on the superior surface, majority of features found on inferior surface

Sternal End

- medial

- articular facet for the first costal cartilage and the manubrium

Acromial End

- lateral end

- acromial facet for articulation

Subclavian Groove/ Sulcus

shallow depression on the middle of the inferior surface of the clavicle

Costal Tuberosity (Costoclavicular Impression)

raised, roughened surface on the inferior sternal end, anchors the costoclavicular ligament

Conoid Tubercle

prominence on inferior surface of the lateral end of clavicle

Trapezoid Line

extends from the conoid tubercle and is the attachment for the trapezoid ligament

Rugosities for Pectoralis Major

the attachment site for the Pectoralis Major muscle

Siding of Clavicle

- medial end is rounded, lateral end is flattened

- superior surface is smooth, inferior surface is rough

Scapula

Cranial Border of Scapula

superior, shortest, and most irregular

Axillary Border of Scapula

lateral, thickest, slightly concave

Vertebral Border of Scapula

medial, straightest, long and thin

Inferior Angle

the intersection of the axillary and vertebral borders

Superior Angle

intersection of the cranial and vertebral

Scapular Spine

raised projection of the posterior surface of the scapula

Acromion

the lateral projection of the scapular spine, bears the clavicular facet for articulation with the clavicle

Scapular Notch

depression in superior border of scapula

Coracoid Process

projects anterior and laterally from the cranial border

Supraspinous Fossa

superior to the spine

Infraspinous Fossa

inferior to the spine

Subscapular Fossa (Anterior Feature)

concave surface of the anterior scapula

Oblique Ridges (Anterior Feature)

run superolateral to the inferomedial, are muscle attachments

Glenoid Fossa (Lateral Feature)

the articular surface for the head of the humerus

Supraglenoid Tubercle (Lateral Feature)

anchors the long head of the biceps brachii muscle

Infraglenoid Tubercle (Lateral Feature)

anchors the long head of the triceps brachii muscle

Shoulder Girdle

- composed of the clavicle and scapula (articulate with each other at the acromioclavicular joint)

Os Coxa

hip bone; composed of the ilium, ischium, and pubis

Ilium

large broad bone forming the upper part of each half of the pelvis

Ischium

the lower, posterior portions of the pelvis

Pubis

the medial anterior portion of the pelvis

Iliac Crest (Posterior Ilium)

found on the top of the hip bone.

Iliac Tubercle (Posterior Ilium)

prominence found along the iliac crest

Iliac Pillar (Posterior Ilium)

dense, thick structural column of bone within the ilium of the pelvis

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (Posterior Ilium)

bony projection at the anterior end of the iliac crest

Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (Posterior Ilium)

bony prominence of the ilium below the anterior superior iliac spine

Anterior Gluteal Line (Posterior Ilium)

longest of the three gluteal lines found on the external surface of the ilium

Posterior Gluteal Line (Posterior Ilium)

shortest curved ridge, located on the external surface of the ilium

Inferior Gluteal Line (Posterior Ilium)

faint, curved bony ridge located on the external surface of the ilium. starts behind the anterior inferior iliac spine and curves down to the greater sciatic notch

Posterior Superior Iliac Spine (Posterior Ilium)

the sharp posterior end of the iliac crest

Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine (Posterior Ilium)

small projection located just below the posterior superior iliac spine

Greater Sciatic Notch (Posterior Ilium)

large, concave indentation on the posterior ilium of the hip bone

Acetabulum (Posterior Ischium, Ventral Pubis)

hip socket

Acetabular Margin (Posterior Ischium, Ventral Pubis)

the lip (edge, rim) of the acetabulum

Lunate Surface (Posterior Ischium, Ventral Pubis)

smooth, cup shaped articular surface shaped like the moon

Acetabular Fossa (Posterior Ischium, Ventral Pubis)

circular depression located deep in the acetabulum

Acetabular Notch (Posterior Ischium, Ventral Pubis)

deep, distinct gap located in the inferior part of the rim of the acetabulum

Iliopubic Eminence (Posterior Ischium, Ventral Pubis)

marks the point of union of the ilium and the pubis just lateral to the arcuate line

Iliopubic Ramus (Posterior Ischium, Ventral Pubis)

ridge of bone that bridges the ilium and pubis

Obturator Crest (Posterior Ischium, Ventral Pubis)

the sharp border between the pectineal and obturator surfaces of the pubis, at the anterior edge of the obturator groove

Pubic Body (Posterior Ischium, Ventral Pubis)

enlarged, medial portion of the pubis region of the hip bone

Ischiopubic Ramus (Posterior Ischium, Ventral Pubis)

narrow extension of bone that connects the ischial tuberosity to the pubic body; formed by the junction of the ischial ramus and inferior pubic ramus

Ischial Tuberosity (Posterior Ischium, Ventral Pubis)

large bony prominence at the base of the pelvis that bears weight