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What does HPA in the context of stress stand for?
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal
What hormone is primarily released in response to stress?
Cortisol
What is the main area of the brain affected by long-term stress?
Hippocampus
Which part of the brain is known to have structural differences between religious people and atheists?
Amygdala
What is neuroplasticity?
The brain’s ability to change based on experience.
What is a primary difference between a fixed mindset and a growth mindset according to Carol Dweck?
A fixed mindset believes intelligence is static, while a growth mindset believes intelligence can be developed.
What happens to the frontal lobes of religious people compared to non-religious people?
Religious people tend to have larger frontal lobes.
What are common factors contributing to hippocampus shrinkage?
Long-term stress, untreated depression, obesity, lack of exercise, junk food, concussions, alcohol consumption.
In Simon LeVay's research, what was found about the size of the INAH3 in homosexual men and heterosexual women?
It is about half the size of the INAH3 in heterosexual men.
What method is suggested for studying behavior in relation to the brain?
Anatomical approach, which involves studying brain structure and function.
What is the function of the hypothalamus in stress response?
Regulates hormone release from the pituitary gland.
What is the short-term effect of cortisol on the body?
Increases blood sugar, enhances metabolism of fat, protein, and carbohydrates.
How can stress impact memory?
It can impair the ability to form and retrieve memories, particularly affecting the hippocampus.
What role does the amygdala play in stress?
Processes emotions and is involved in the fight-or-flight response.
How does chronic stress affect neuroplasticity?
It can hinder the brain's ability to adapt and change, potentially leading to cognitive decline.
What is the relationship between stress and inflammation?
Chronic stress can lead to increased inflammation in the body.
What mental health condition is closely linked to prolonged exposure to stress?
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
What are some effective stress management techniques?
Mindfulness, exercise, therapy, and deep-breathing exercises.
What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in managing stress?
Helps regulate emotional responses and decision-making under stress.
How does social support influence the stress response?
Provides emotional comfort which can buffer the effects of stress.
____ is the primary hormone released by the adrenal glands in response to stress.
Cortisol
The brain structure responsible for regulating stress responses is the ____.
Hypothalamus
Chronic stress can lead to increased levels of ____ in the body.
Inflammation
The ____ is a key area of the brain involved in memory formation, particularly impacted by stress.
Hippocampus
The ____ plays a critical role in the emotional aspect of stress management.
Amygdala
A fixed mindset believes that intelligence is ____, while a growth mindset believes intelligence can be developed.
Static
Stress can impair the ability to ____ memories.
Form and retrieve
____ can help buffer the negative effects of stress.
Social support
Effective stress management techniques include mindfulness, exercise, and ____.
Therapy
The function of the ____ is to help regulate emotional responses during stress.
Prefrontal cortex
